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Proceedings Reference Geothermal Enery Use, country update for Belgium, EGC2025
Geothermal energy is progressively gaining ground in Belgium, with tailored strategies emerging across its three Regions. Wallonia has undertaken a comprehensive modernization of its regulatory instruments, set ambitious renewable heat targets, and initiated large-scale subsurface exploration. Flanders is reinforcing its leadership in deep geothermal by targeting new geological formations, while improving shallow geothermal integration and subsurface governance. In the Brussels-Capital Region, efforts focus on incorporating shallow geothermal into urban energy planning through spatial zoning, technical potential mapping, and system monitoring. A suite of regional and European research projects (e.g. GEOCAMB, DESIGNATE, MORE-GEO, URGENT) have played a pivotal role in de-risking geothermal development by providing interdisciplinary tools that address geological complexity, economic feasibility, and environmental performance. Nevertheless, geothermal energy accounted for only 3.3% of Belgium’s renewable heat production in 2023, highlighting the need for accelerated deployment - especially in deep systems. Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 will require stronger political commitment, harmonized regulatory frameworks, and targeted financial incentives. Ongoing pilot projects and scientific advances confirm geothermal energy's potential to become a cornerstone of Belgium’s sustainable heating transition.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2025
Article Reference Macrobenthos and morpho-sedimentary recovery dynamics in areas following aggregate extraction cessation
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2025 OA
Article Reference Monitoring benthic plumes, sediment redeposition and seafloor imprints caused by deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2025 OA
Article Reference Clay minerals and the stability of organic carbon in suspension along coastal to offshore transects
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2025 OA
Article Reference Phytoplankton enhances the flocculation of suspended particulate matter in a turbid estuary
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2026 OA
Article Reference Stratigraphy, paleontology, and depositional setting of the Late Eocene (Priabonian) lower Pagat Member, Tanjung Formation, in the Asem Asem Basin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Marine sedimentary rocks of the late Eocene Pagat Member of the Tanjung Formation in the Asem Asem Basin near Satui, Kalimantan, provide an important geological archive for understanding the paleontological evolution of southern Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) in the interval leading up the development of the Central Indo-Pacific marine biodiversity hotspot. In this paper, we describe amoderately diverse assemblage of marine invertebrates within a sedimentological and stratigraphical context. In the studied section, the Pagat Member of the Tanjung Formation records an interval of overall marine transgression and chronicles a transition from the marginal marine and continental siliciclastic succession in the underlying Tambak Member to the carbonate platform succession in the overlying Berai Formation. The lower part of the Pagat Member contains heterolithic interbedded siliciclastic sandstone and glauconitic shale, with thin bioclastic floatstone and bioclastic rudstone beds. This segues into a calcareous shale succession with common foraminiferal packstone/rudstone lenses interpreted as low-relief biostromes. A diverse trace fossil assemblage occurs primarily in a muddy/glauconitic sandstone, sandy mudstone, and bioclastic packstone/rudstone succession, constraining the depositional setting to a mid-ramp/mid to distal continental shelf setting below fair-weather wave base but above stormwave base. Each biostrome rests upon a storm-generated ravinement surface characterized by a low-diversity Glossifungites or Trypanites trace fossil assemblage. The erosional surfaces were colonized by organisms that preferred stable substrates, including larger benthic foraminifera, solitary corals, oysters, and serpulid annelid worms. The biostromes comprised islands of highmarine biodiversity on the mud-dominated Pagat coastline. Together, the biostromes analyzed in this study contained 13 genera of symbiont-bearing larger benthic foraminifera, ∼40 mollusk taxa, at least 5 brachyuran decapod genera, and 6 coral genera (Anthemiphyllia, Balanophyllia, Caryophyllia, Cycloseris, Trachyphyllia, and Trochocyathus), as well as a variety of bryozoans, serpulids, echinoids, and asterozoans. High foraminiferal and molluscan diversity, coupled with modest coral diversity, supports the hypothesis that the origin of the diverse tropical invertebrate faunas that characterize the modern Indo-Australian region may have occurred in the latest Eocene/earliest Oligocene.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2025 OA
Article Reference Depositional framework of the Sangkarewang and Sawahlunto Formations, Ombilin Basin, West Sumatra, Indonesia
Analyses of rock samples collected during recent fieldwork in the Ombilin Basin of west-central Sumatra, Indonesia yielded pollen data that constrain the age and depositional setting of associated plant macrofossil and vertebrate fossil-bearing units in the Sangkarewang and Sawahlunto formations. Articulated fish and plant fossils were recovered from bedding plane surfaces of fissile, laminated shales in the Sangkarewang Formation that are interpreted to have been deposited in an actively-subsiding, deep, anoxic lake. The overlying Talawi Member of the Sawahlunto Formation records stratigraphy consistent with deposition in a segue to marginal lacustrine marsh and poorly-drained paleosol settings. Interbedded carbonate mudstone / wackestone and lignitic claystone units in the basal Talawi Member preserve scattered, disarticulated fossils of fish, reptiles, an amphibian, and one mammal tooth. These beds grade into a heterolithic succession of fine-grained clastic rock, with coal interbeds likely deposited in a coastal alluvial setting. Marine influences in this interval are indicated by the nature of physical sedimentary structures in several zones, the presence of trace fossils such as Diplocraterion, Cylindrichnus and Teichichnus, and the occurrence of foraminiferal linings, dinocysts and other palynomorphs indicative of mangrove and back-mangrove settings. Palynological analysis indicates that the most probable age of the Sawahlunto Formation ranges from the middle to late Eocene, with a possible extension from the middle Eocene to the early Oligocene.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2025 OA
Article Reference 3D models related to the publication: Morphological study of the anterior dentition in Raoellidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla), new insight on their dietary habits
The present 3D dataset contains 3D models of new material from the middle Eocene of the Upper Subathu Formation in the Kalakot area (India), documenting the anterior dentition of the raoellid Indohyus indirae. Raoellidae are closely related to stem cetaceans and bring crucial information to understand the earliest phase of land to water transition in Cetacea.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2025 OA
Inproceedings Reference Do diversification and dispersals of early Eocene perissodactyls differ from those of other modern mammals?
Perissodactyls make their first appearance in the fossil record during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), 56 Ma ago, at the same time as most modern placental mammal orders. However, their early diversification remains unclear since all main groups (Equidae, Isectolophidae, Ceratomorpha, Ancylopoda and Brontotheriidae) appear at the same time with numerous genera and are already diverse, contrary to other modern mammal orders, which have a much lower diversity. Moreover, several early perissodactyl genera seem endemic to each of the three Holarctic continents, rather than cosmopolitan as is the case for other mammal groups. We investigate the early evolution of perissodactyls by analyzing a new dataset focusing on early species to obtain a new expansive phylogeny. This large-scale phylogeny shows that the number of early perissodactyl genera was over-estimated and supports the synonymy of several genera. In addition, many species that were named as “Hyracotherium” in the past (or sometimes “Eohippus”, the “dawn-horse”) are not actually closely related to horses, including Hyracotherium itself, but can be considered as basal perissodactyls. Among the latter, at least Pliolophus and Cardiolophus experienced vast and fast dispersals between North America, Europe and Asia, during the PETM. This paleobiogeographic scenario much resembles the one of other earliest Eocene mammals, which comprise genera that are often found in at least two continents, such as in artiodactyls, primates, carnivorans, hyaenodontids, hyopsodontids, phenacodontids or rodents. Here, we show that the paleobiogeographic distribution of earliest perissodactyls does not differ from that of other modern mammals.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2025 OA
Inproceedings Reference Tomography of three articulated perissodactyl skeletons from Messel
The perissodactyls from the UNESCO World Heritage site of Messel (MP11; around 47 Ma) are among the most well-known fossils from this site, and belong to at least five different genera: three equoids (Propalaeotherium, Eurohippus, and Hallensia) and two tapiromorphs (Lophiodon and Hyrachyus). Here, we investigated by X-ray microtomography at the DTHE (MateIS Laboratory, Lyon) the anatomy of three articulated skeletons from the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences collection: two specimens of Eurohippus messelensis, as well as the only accessible skeleton of Hallensia matthesi. The segmented 3D models allow us to visualize for the first time some cranial, dental and postcranial features that were previously concealed. Surprisingly, the tooth rows of the two specimens of E. messelensis show two different morphologies. One is typical of E. messelensis whereas the other shows all the diagnostic characters of E. parvulus expressed by Franzen (2006). However, based on the monograph on equoids from Messel by Franzen (2007), E. messelensis was only recognized in Messel, whereas E. parvulus was known from several other localities, notably in the Geiseltal, but not in Messel. We thus suggest that E. parvulus may have also been present in Messel, which raises the question of their potential synonymy. Finally, the preservation of the skeleton of Hallensia matthesi does not permit to observe the fine anatomy of the skeleton, but still permits to discuss important characters such as the number of fingers.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2025 OA