Analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences hitherto failed to resolve the three morphospecies of the so-called Ceratitis “FAR complex” (C. fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa). Therefore, we developed a set of microsatellite markers for a first population genetic survey of this species complex. Specimens of C. fasciventris, C. anonae, and C. rosa (27 populations, n=621) collected across their respective distribution ranges were genotyped at 16 polymorphic microsats. Genetic distance analyses distinguished at least five bootstrap supported population groups, each including samples from one of the three morphospecies. The Bayesian assignments implemented in STRUCTURE show that (1) C. rosa is represented by at least two clusters of individuals (R1, R2) that can occur in sympatry/parapatry, but that may have different developmental thresholds, (2) C. fasciventris is represented by at least two, geographically separated, clusters (F1, F2), and (3) C. anonae is genetically more homogeneous and doesn’t show a clear intraspecific structuring (cluster A). The differentiation of the C. rosa and C. fasciventris clusters is supported by morphological differences in the male secondary sexual characters. Genetic divergences between the C. rosa clusters and between the C. fasciventris clusters are comparable to the interspecific divergences among C. fasciventris, C. anonae, and C. rosa. Higher genetic distances were observed between the morphologically similar C. rosa and C. fasciventris, while C. anonae appears as closely related to both F1 and R2. The microsats used in this study thus unmasked a complex, and partly cryptic, population genetic structure within the FAR morphospecies. Keywords: Tephritidae, population genetics, microsats
Located in
Library
/
RBINS Staff Publications
Due to climate change and new political reasons to use more sustainable energy forms (turning away from nuclear, coal and other non-renewable resources), alternative energy sources are needed. Therefore, the geothermal energy sector can become one of the important energy resources in the future. Geothermal energy (heat) is CO2-neutral, quasi-inexhaustible and available decentrally at any time and almost everywhere. The exploitation of deep geo-thermal resources for producing electricity is an important component for creating innovative and renewable energy systems, but the use of shallow (focus: up to 400 metres depth) and even very shallow (focus: up to 10 metres depth) geothermal potentials is also significant, e.g. for sustainable heating and cooling of residential and industrial buildings, etc. Furthermore in Europe, the installation and operation of very shallow heat collector systems is not as restricted by national and regional legislation as for deeper systems. Compared with the well-researched and already implemented solar, wind and hydropower domains, less research has been done into the of very shallow geothermal energy potential at the European level.
Located in
Library
/
RBINS Staff Publications
Human excrements and garbage pits of two archaeological sites in the County of Hainaut (Southern Low Countries, Belgium) have been studied by the interdisciplinary team “Archaeo sciences” of the RBINS. Stone walled latrines dating from the 14th century have been uncovered at the site of Chièvres, while several garbage pits dating from the 12th to the 16th century were excavated at the site of “rue des Bouchers-Saint Jacques” in the city of Tournai. We are presenting the 14th century composition of the waste contexts for the two sites and a diachronic composition’s evolution for the garbage pits of “rue des Bouchers-Saint Jacques”. Archaeobotanical (seeds and fruit, wood and wood charcoal, pollen, spores and NPPs) and archaeozoological studies show that, in the majority, they contain digested food residues, food scraps and also some scarce remains of other non-food residues. The most common taxa found are vegetables, condiments, wild and/or cultivated fruits, cereals, fish and mammal remains. But if we look more closely, some cesspits contain outstanding elements such as honey (the first mention in Wallonia for the medieval period), waste of cereal processing that may have been used for the sanitation of such structures. This paper aims at: 1 / highlighting late Medieval period human food intake of the Southern Low Countries 2 / comparing data between two 14th century waste contexts and finally, 3 / showing differences in pit fillings, indicating different structure maintenance and/or different social status.
Located in
Library
/
RBINS Staff Publications 2019
