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The paleobotanist Philippe Gerrienne was internationally renowned for his work on early land plants. His research career was however not limited to the study of Devonian floras. He also actively contributed to the progress of Belgian Wealdian (Early Cretaceous), early Paleogene and Quaternary research. In this framework, Philippe’s interest for Paleogene plants already appeared when he helped to sort Stockmans’ paleobotanical collections of the Royal Belgian institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS) during a civil service he did between 1987 and 1989. In the old conservatoires, he discovered hundreds of silicified trunks and branches from the “upper Landenian” (early Eocene) of Belgium, which were collected in 1970 in the area of Hoegaarden during the construction of the Brussels-Liège highway (E40-A3). From 1994, the RBINS developed new research activities in early Paleogene Belgian sites. At this occasion, fossil plants discovered next to vertebrates from the warm earliest Eocene at Dormaal were studied in collaboration with the Royal Museum for Central Africa, which owns an excellent xylotheque of tropical woods (Doutrelepont et al., 1997). This first step allowed in 1999, after several preliminary works, to start a partnership with the University of Liège (ULiège) and the University of Mons (UMons) through a F.R.F.C.-I.C. (FNRS) project, leaded by Muriel Fairon-Demaret (ULg), on the "Reconstruction of the terrestrial ecosystems in Belgium during the Palaeocene-Eocene transition, 50-60 million years ago". During three years (1999-2002), numerous fieldworks in Belgium and research activities in labs were realized, including a first database of more than 600 hundreds fossil wood specimens. In this overview, I summarize the main accomplishments that have been done in the field. At Péruwelz, we found a silicified trunk fragment of a new arborescent Ericaceae in the marine Thanetian (Upper Paleocene), which was named Agaristoxylon garennicum (Gerrienne et al., 1999). The paleoenvironment of Dormaal was reconstructed based on fruits and seeds from the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (Fairon-Demaret & Smith, 2002). The most successful work was probably the study of the in situ monospecific Glyptostroboxylon forest of Overlaar at Hoegaarden (Fairon-Demaret et al., 2003). This warm Everglades-like paleoenvironment attracted the Belgian media and finally led to the construction of the geopark of Hoegaarden. In 2004, Philippe described the Givetian (middle Devonian) seed precursor Runcaria heinzelinii Stockmans, 1968 from Ronquières, Belgium (Gerrienne et al., 2004). The rediscovery of the 385-million-year-old basal seed plant and, the same year, the retirement of his close colleague Muriel Fairon-Demaret focused definitively his interest on the Paleozoic. References Doutrelepont, H., Smith, T., Damblon, F., Smith, R. & Beeckman, H., 1997. Un bois silicifié de peuplier de la transition Paléocène-Eocène de Dormaal, Belgique. Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, 67, 183-188. Fairon-Demaret, M. & Smith, T., 2002. Fruits and seeds from the Tienen Formation at Dormaal, Paleocene-Eocene transition in eastern Belgium. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 122, 47-62. Fairon-Demaret, M., Steurbaut, E., Damblon, F., Dupuis, C., Smith, T. & Gerrienne, P., 2003. The in situ Glyptostroboxylon forest of Hoegaarden (Belgium) at the Initial Eocene Thermal Maximum (55 Ma). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 126, 103-129. Gerrienne, P., Beeckman, H., Damblon, F., Doutrelepont, H., Fairon-Demaret, M. & Smith, T., 1999. Agaristoxylon garennicum Gerrienne et al., gen. et sp. nov., an arborescent Ericaceae from the Belgian Upper Paleocene: palaeoenvironmental implications. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 104, 299-307. Gerrienne, P., Meyer-Berthaud, B., Fairon-Demaret, M., Streel, M. & Steemans, P., 2004. Runcaria, a Middle Devonian Seed Plant Precursor. Science, 306, 856-858.

The article proposes a methodology for assessing the development of damage in building structures, subjected to differential settlement and uplift, using the analysis of Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data. The proposed methodology is targeted towards general applicability, capable of providing assessment results for measurements over wide geographic areas and for varying structural typologies. The methodology is not limited to ground movement measurements linked to tunnelling, as is the common case. Instead it extends to the monitoring of arbitrary movement in buildings, for example, due to ground consolidation, water table changes or excavation. The methodology is designed for use alongside patrimonial building databases, from which data on individual building geometry and typology are extracted on a region or country scale. Ground movement monitoring data are used for the calculation of the building deformation, expressed in different types of deformation parameters. The combined use of this data with analytical models for settlement damage classification in building structures enables the assessment in patrimonial building structures, at a country scale. The methodology is elaborated and applied on the patrimonial inventory of Belgium for the evaluation of potential settlement and uplift damage on buildings over a period of nearly three decades. The analysis results are compared to on-site observations.

Raoellidae are extinct small-sized semiaquatic artiodactyls that are the closest relatives to crown clade Cetacea. They display morphological features showing the transition between terrestrial and aquatic lifestyles and therefore bring crucial information to understand the earliest steps of cetacean evolution. Raoellid cranial morphology, including the ear region and endocranial morphology, has been documented using cranial remains referred to Indohyus indirae from the Kalakot area, Jammu and Kashmir in India. The study of these specimens highlighted that several cetacean features are already present in raoellids. The previously available Indohyus material was very deformed, preventing access to quantitative data and leading to potential misinterpretations. We describe new undeformed cranial material from the Kalakot area, documenting another raoellid species, Khirtharia inflata. The new observations allow us to complete our knowledge of raoellid cranial morphology, including the original shape of the cranium and brain endocast and to confirm the specificities of raoellid morphology within Artiodactyla. We further provide the first quantitative data for the different brain components and show that Raoellidae had low encephalization and neocorticalization values, much lower than cetaceans and close to early diverging, primitive, dichobunoid artiodactyls. Reconstruction of the blood sinuses above the cerebellum supports the previous “intraosseous” hypothesis about the initial steps of the development of the caudal venous rete mirabile in cetaceans. The presence of several cetacean cranial features in Raoellidae, such as the peculiar shape of the frontal, the strong postorbital constriction, the periotic involucrum, or the elongation of the olfactory bulbs, questions the definition of the Cetacea clade.