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Article Reference Secondary sex estimation using morphological traits from the cranium and mandible: application to two Merovingian populations from Belgium
It is generally accepted that the coxal bone is the most reliable bone for estimating the sex of adult subjects. When the coxal bone is not usable, researchers generally turn to methods based on the skull (cranium and mandible). However, these methods are less reliable, because they are largely based on an estimate of the robusticity, which can be influenced by characteristics independent of the sex of the subject. In the context of primary sex estimation, skull-based methods should therefore be avoided. However, by using morphological traits of the cranium and the mandible as part of a secondary sex estimation, we were able to estimate the sex of a relatively large number of individuals with a minimum reliability of 95%. Our study thus illustrates the value of using morphological characteristics of the skull for a secondary sex estimation conducted with a reliable statistical method.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2024
Article Reference Viroinval/Treignes : campagnes de fouilles 2022 et 2023 à la grotte Genvier
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2024
Conference Reference Au nord, deuil dans les corons. Analyse anthropologique des victimes non identifiées de la catastrophe du Bois du Cazier (1956, Belgique).
Le 8 août 1956, la catastrophe minière la plus meurtrière de Belgique se produisit au charbonnage du Bois du Cazier à Marcinelle : 262 mineurs de nationalités diverses (belge, italienne, allemande, algérienne, grecque, …) périrent à la suite d’une erreur humaine. Tous furent identifiés à l’exception de 17 d’entre eux. En octobre 2021, à la demande d’un descendant des victimes non identifiées, la Cellule d’Identification des Victimes de Catastrophes de la Police Fédérale a lancé une grande opération afin d’exhumer les restes des inconnus et de procéder à leur identification. Les analyses ont été réalisées par une équipe composée d’experts en pathologie médico-légale, en odontologie, en anthropologie, en archéologie et en ADN. Nous présentons ici les résultats de l’analyse anthropologique. Après l’inventaire des restes, le profil biologique de chaque individu a été reconstitué. La DSP a été utilisée pour déterminer le sexe et sept méthodes différentes ont été appliquées pour estimer l’âge au décès, y compris la cémentochronologie. La stature a été estimée à l’aide des équations de Raxter et d’Oliver, tandis que l’origine bio-géographique a été évaluée avec AncesTrees. La confrontation des registres ante-mortem (stature, âge, pathologies et particularités physiques) avec les données post-mortem nous a permis de proposer une identification pour huit individus. Quatre d’entre elles ont été confirmées par l’ADN. Au-delà de l’identification permettant de mener à bien ce devoir de mémoire envers les familles des victimes, cette mission nous a donné l’opportunité d’enregistrer des données précieuses pour d’autres domaines de recherche comme les traumatismes péri-mortem et les marqueurs d’activité résultant des pénibles conditions de travail des mineurs de fond.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2024
Conference Reference Base du crâne, labyrinthe osseux et dimorphisme sexuel : investigation morphométrique au sein d’un échantillon d’Europe de l’Ouest
L’estimation du sexe biologique d’un individu constitue une étape primordiale de l’analyse anthropologique, que ce soit en contexte archéologique ou forensique. Elle doit se fonder sur des méthodes de diagnose sexuelle reproductibles, fiables et validées. Néanmoins, cette tâche peut s’apparenter à un véritable défi lorsque la préservation des éléments diagnostiques osseux n’est pas optimale, et ce d’autant plus s’il s’agit de restes immatures ou brûlés. Face à de tels restes fragmentés, une voie prometteuse consisterait à mettre en place une méthode de diagnose sexuelle s’appuyant sur un élément osseux à la fois fortement dimorphique et à la survie taphonomique avérée. Alliant ostéométrie et outils digitaux au travers d’une approche strictement morphométrique, cette recherche propose d’évaluer le dimorphisme de la base du crâne (i.e., os occipital et temporaux) et celui du labyrinthe osseux de l’oreille interne sur un assemblage osseux comprenant 611 crânes et 121 labyrinthes appartenant à des sujets européens – immatures et adultes – d’âge et de sexe connus. Les résultats obtenus dans cette étude démontrent d’une part que le dimorphisme sexuel de l’os temporal est plus marqué que celui de l’os occipital, et ce dès la phase pubertaire, et d’autre part qu’il n’est pas possible d’établir une méthode de diagnose sexuelle indépendante de l’âge sur le labyrinthe osseux du fait des différences d’expression de son dimorphisme sexuel observées entre les immatures et les adultes. En outre, ce travail a permis d’établir plusieurs modèles prédictifs de diagnose sexuelle à partir de la base du crâne adulte (avec de 77 à 87 % de classification correcte), du labyrinthe osseux adulte (de 76 à 83 %) et du labyrinthe immature (de 76 à 84 %). Leurs qualités intrinsèques (i.e., reproductibilité, fiabilité, facilité d’utilisation et faible coût) en font des outils de diagnose sexuelle adaptés à l’examen de restes osseux fragmentaires.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2024
Inbook Reference Het Woestijnegoed en het kasteel van Woestijne
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2020
Article Reference High ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) diversity revealed in Akagera National Park in eastern Rwanda
Ants represent a crucial component of terrestrial ecosystems owing to their roles in nutrient cycling, soil aeration and predation. However, myrmecological studies are relatively rare in the Afrotropics, including Rwanda. This study reveals high ant diversity within Akagera National Park in eastern Rwanda, an ecologically rich area comprising savannas, woodlands and wetlands. A nonsystematic sampling scheme was used across different habitats within the park, implementing various sampling techniques, namely pitfall traps, leaf litter sifting, Winkler leaf litter extraction, vegetation sweeping and hand collection from rocks, rotten wood and dead trees. The findings indicate a high diversity of ant species, with six subfamilies comprising 41 genera including 119 named species and 68 morphospecies. A minimum of 17 of these morphospecies represent undescribed species. Of the collected species, 149 were recorded for the first time in Rwanda. These findings highlight the status of Akagera National Park as a biodiversity hotspot. They also provide a baseline inventory for future entomological, ecological and conservation efforts in Akagera National Park. We recommend additional studies to formally describe the morphospecies currently confirmed as undescribed and to further investigate the status of the remaining unidentified morphospecies
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2026
Article Reference First Measurements of Mixed Floral Traits Influencing Anacardium occidentale (Anacardeacae) Attractiveness to Bees in Côte d'Ivoire: Conservation and Agricultural Implications
In Sub-Saharan Africa, cashew plants face challenges in suitable pollination and good agronomic performances. These challenges can largely be attributed to the ability of cashew floral traits in pollinator attraction. However, especially in Côte d'Ivoire, little is known about the roles of morphology and density of cashew flowers and floral rewards in attracting bee species. Likewise, the relationships between plants' attractiveness, number of pollinator visits, and fruiting rate are rarely the focus of study. Therefore, we contrasted in 3 Ivoirian regions two categories of cashew seeing the bees' foraging preference toward their flowers: trees with high foraging intensity versus trees with low activity (respectively called preferred versus non-preferred plants). Our aim was to know whether the floral traits varied among these categories of plants, and whether this variation might affect bees' foraging intensity and the yield. Results showed that the two categories of cashew were significantly different in density of flowers, quantity of pollens and nectars, and their contents in sugars and amino-acids in the pollens and nectars, and showed that these floral traits were strongly involved in bee pollinators recruitment (Wilks = 0.002384, df = 1, p < 0.0001). These floral traits also significantly increased the bees' visitation networks from 11 to 38 species and their interactions from 984 to 8271 visits, and agronomic performances from 10.63% ± 6.65% to 50.15% ± 5.34%. Floral traits related to bee visitations, if well-investigated, may be used to identify high-yielding cashew plants and preserve pollinators.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2026
Article Reference First comprehensive catalogue of hibernating Darwin wasps in the Western Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)
Background In the Western Palaearctic, many species of Darwin wasps exhibit a form of diapause known as free-living adult diapause, similar to hibernation in certain beetle, bumblebee and butterfly species. This study provides a first comprehensive overview of all known hibernating species and aims to improve the current ecological knowledge. New information We reviewed 439 species, confirming free-living adult diapause in 340; 81 remain unverified and 18 are excluded, which have been incorrectly reported as hibernators in the past. The validated dataset includes 7443 records from 27567 specimens, spanning over 235 years of both published and unpublished observations. We report 29 species as hibernators for the first time. Amongst the records, 388 provide the first evidence of hibernation for a species in a given country, with 67 also representing the species' first national record. We highlight the value of field-based data and caution against relying solely on collection dates to study diapause. The observed variability in diapause strategies and hibernacula underscores the importance of nature management for biodiversity conservation, especially preservation of microhabitats.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2025
Article Reference New mtDNA and Isotopic Evidence on Late Pleistocene Cave Bears in the Balkans: the Case-study of Magura Cave, NW Bulgaria
Recent genetic studies have shed light on the phylogeography of cave bears; however, their paleoecology and their diet are still debated, and data from south-eastern Europe are still scarce. Magura Cave, in northwest Bulgaria, has delivered rich faunal assemblages from the Late Pleistocene. The chronology of the excavated area spans from ca. 35 kya to more than 50 kya; the oldest stratigraphic layers being associated with final Middle Palaeolithic tools. The fauna comprises herbivores and carnivores, and potentially different taxa of cave bears, the dental remains of which also showed different tooth morphotypes, suggesting the co-existence of different dietary adaptations. We investigated the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages of the cave bears from Magura Cave as well as the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope composition of the faunal assemblage. Our data revealed that, regardless of the tooth morphotypes, only maternal lineages of Ursus ingressus were present in Magura Cave. Interestingly, one specimen with Ursus arctos mtDNA was also found, showing a clear carnivore diet. In contrast, the U. ingressus specimens had a predominantly herbivorous diet. The tooth morphotypes were associated with significantly different δ13C values, suggesting different dietary adaptations.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2020
Inproceedings Reference Using ancient DNA to identify Bos primigenius in ancient cattle remains from Belgium
Aurochs (Bos primigenius) are the wild ancestors of the domesticated taurine cattle (Bos taurus). During the Holocene, populations of aurochs gradually declined until their extinction at the turn of the 17th century. DNA data suggest that domestic cattle in Europe descended from Near East aurochs that were domesticated and brought to Europe by the first farmers during the Neolithic period. Hybridization occurred more recently in Europe between domestic cattle and local wild aurochs. Most aurochs can be distinguished from domestic cattle osteometrically, but large-sized domestic cattle may be misidentified as aurochs. Based on mitochondrial DNA, most European aurochs differ from domestic cattle (haplogroup “P” versus “T”). With the aim to provide new data on the former distribution of aurochs in Europe, we used mitochondrial DNA to identify large bovid bones attributed to aurochs and dating from Epipaleolithic to medieval times. DNA was extracted from the bones of 11 specimens from Belgium in an ancient DNA lab. Shotgun DNA sequencing provided raw reads comprising 0.02-10% of endogenous DNA. For three samples, reads covered 74-98% of the bovid mitochondrial genome and enabled the identification of one aurochs from the Bronze Age (haplogroup “P”) and two cows from Roman and medieval times (haplogroup “T”). Among the other samples (covering 2-18% of the mitogenome), three Roman specimens could be assigned to the haplogroup “T” based on a few diagnostic positions. This study provides the first mitogenomic data for a Belgian aurochs and contributes to the identification of exceptionally large Roman bovid remains.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2023