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Article Reference The ants of the Galápagos Islands (Hymenoptera, Formicidae): a historical overview, checklist, and identification key
The Galápagos ant fauna has long been understudied, with the last taxonomic summary being published almost a century ago. Here, a comprehensive and updated overview of the known ant species of the Galápagos Islands is provided with updated species distributions. The list is based on an extensive review of literature, the identification of more than 382,000 specimens deposited in different entomological collections, and recent expeditions to the islands. The ant fauna is composed of five subfamilies (Dolichoderinae, Dorylinae, Formicinae, Myrmicinae, and Ponerinae), 22 genera, 50 species, and 25 subspecies, although three species (Crematogaster crinosa Mayr, 1862, Camponotus senex (Smith, 1858), and Solenopsis saevissima (Smith, 1855)) are considered dubious records. Finally, an illustrated identification key of the species found in the archipelago is presented.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2023
Article Reference Dispersal capacity underlies scale-dependent changes in species richness patterns under human disturbance
Changes in the species richness of (meta-)communities emerge from changes in the relative species abundance distribution (SAD), the total density of individuals, and the amount of spatial aggregation of individuals from the same species. Yet, how human disturbance affects these underlying diversity components at different spatial scales and how this interacts with important species traits, like dispersal capacity, remain poorly understood. Using data of carabid beetle communities along a highly replicated urbanization gradient, we reveal that species richness in urban sites was reduced due to a decline in individual density as well as changes in the SAD at both small and large spatial scales. Changes in these components of species richness were linked to differential responses of groups of species that differ in dispersal capacity. The individual density effect on species richness was due to a drastic 90% reduction of low-dispersal individuals in more urban sites. Conversely, the decrease in species richness due to changes in the SAD at large (i.e., loss of species from the regional pool) and small (i.e., decreased evenness) spatial scales were driven by species with intermediate and high dispersal ability, respectively. These patterns coincide with the expected responses of these dispersal-type assemblages toward human disturbance, namely, (i) loss of low-dispersal species by local extinction processes, (ii) loss of higher-dispersal species from the regional species pool due to decreased habitat diversity, and (iii) dominance of a few highly dispersive species resulting in a decreased evenness. Our results demonstrate that dispersal capacity plays an essential role in determining scale-dependent changes in species richness patterns. Incorporating this information improves our mechanistic insight into how environmental change affects species diversity at different spatial scales, allowing us to better forecast how human disturbance will drive local and regional changes in biodiversity patterns.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2023 OA
Article Reference Description d’une nouvelle espèce du sud du Vietnam appartenant au genre Sarmydus Pascoe, 1867 (7e contribution à l’étude du genre Sarmydus Pascoe, 1867) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Prioninae)
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2022
Article Reference QWIP: A Quantitative Metric for Quality Control of Aquatic Reflectance Spectral Shape Using the Apparent Visible Wavelength
The colors of the ocean and inland waters span clear blue to turbid brown, and the corresponding spectral shapes of the water-leaving signal are diverse depending on the various types and concentrations of phytoplankton, sediment, detritus and colored dissolved organic matter. Here we present a simple metric developed from a global dataset spanning blue, green and brown water types to assess the quality of a measured or derived aquatic spectrum. The Quality Water Index Polynomial (QWIP) is founded on the Apparent Visible Wavelength (AVW), a one-dimensional geophysical metric of color that is inherently correlated to spectral shape calculated as a weighted harmonic mean across visible wavelengths. The QWIP represents a polynomial relationship between the hyperspectral AVW and a Normalized Difference Index (NDI) using red and green wavelengths. The QWIP score represents the difference between a spectrum’s AVW and NDI and the QWIP polynomial. The approach is tested extensively with both raw and quality controlled field data to identify spectra that fall outside the general trends observed in aquatic optics. For example, QWIP scores less than or greater than 0.2 would fail an initial screening and be subject to additional quality control. Common outliers tend to have spectral features related to: 1) incorrect removal of surface reflected skylight or 2) optically shallow water. The approach was applied to hyperspectral imagery from the Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO), as well as to multispectral imagery from the Visual Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) using sensor-specific extrapolations to approximate AVW. This simple approach can be rapidly implemented in ocean color processing chains to provide a level of uncertainty about a measured or retrieved spectrum and flag questionable or unusual spectra for further analysis.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2022
Article Reference Assessment of PRISMA water reflectance using autonomous hyperspectral radiometry
Hyperspectral remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) derived from PRISMA in the visible and infrared range was evaluated for two inland and coastal water sites using above-water in situ reflectance measurements from autonomous hyper- and multispectral radiometer systems. We compared the Level 2D (L2D) surface reflectance, a standard product distributed by the Italian Space Agency (ASI), as well as outputs from ACOLITE/DSF, now adapted for processing of PRISMA imagery. Near-coincident Sentinel-3 OLCI (S3/OLCI) observations were also compared as it is a frequent data source for inland and coastal water remote sensing applications, with a strong calibration and validation record. In situ measurements from two optically diverse sites in Italy, equipped with fixed autonomous hyperspectral radiometer systems, were used: the REmote Sensing for Trasimeno lake Observatory (RESTO), positioned in a shallow and turbid lake in Central Italy, and the Acqua Alta Oceanographic Tower (AAOT), located 15 km offshore from the lagoon of Venice in the Adriatic Sea, which is characterised by clear to moderately turbid waters. 20 PRISMA images were available for the match-up analysis across both sites. Good performance of L2D was found for RESTO, with the lowest relative (Mean Absolute Percentage Difference, MAPD  25\%) and absolute errors (Bias  0.002) in the bands between 500 and 680 nm, with similar performance for ACOLITE. The lowest median and interquartile ranges of spectral angle (SA  8°) denoted a more similar shape to the RESTO in situ data, indicating pigment absorption retrievals should be possible. ACOLITE showed better statistical performance at AAOT compared to L2D, providing R2  0.5, Bias  0.0015 and MAPD  35\%, in the range between 470 and 580 nm, i.e. in the spectral range with highest reflectances. The addition of a SWIR based sun-glint correction to the default atmospheric correction implemented in ACOLITE further improved performance at AAOT, with lower uncertainties and closer spectral similarity to the in situ measurements, suggesting that ACOLITE with glint correction was able to best reproduce the spectral shape of in situ data at AAOT. We found good results for PRISMA Rrs retrieval in our study sites, and hence demonstrated the use of PRISMA for aquatic ecosystem mapping. Further studies are needed to analyse performance in other water bodies, over a wider range of optical properties.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2022
Book Reference Natuursteenonderzoek bij de archeologische opgraving in de Burchtzone
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2022
Book Reference VERSLAG MEERDAAGSE EXCURSIE GEOLIM 2022, 16-17 september 2022
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2022
Unpublished Reference Identification of Funding Priorities. Document OTSOPA 22/02/02 presented by Belgium and France at the Meeting of the Working Group on Operational, Technical and Scientific Questions Concerning Counter Pollution Activities (OTSOPA)
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2022 OA
Inproceedings Reference Retour au Wyoming : Une nouvelle faune et une nouvelle espèce du mammifère insectivore Didelphodus durant le Maximum Thermique Paléocène Eocène (PETM) dans le Bassin du Clarks Fork
La faune mammalienne de l’Éocène basal, durant le Maximum Thermique Paléocène-Éocène (PETM), est raisonnablement bien échantillonnée en Amérique du Nord, mais les mammifères de petite taille sont encore mal connus (Gingerich, 1989). Nous décrivons ici une nouvelle espèce de l’insectivore cimolestidé Didelphodus Cope 1882, découverte par la technique de lavage-tamisage qui a été appliquée pour extraire les fossiles d’un nouveau niveau concentré en restes de petits vertébrés. Ce niveau, daté du Wasatchien Wa-0 se trouve dans la zone du site SC-139 de Little Sand Coulee, appartenant à la Formation de Willwood et situé dans le Bassin du Clarks Fork, adjacent au Bassin du Bighorn. Après dissolution de concrétions carbonatées en laboratoire, différents fragments ont pu être restaurés, permettant de reconstruire un rostre crânien, les deux dentaires et la dentition supérieure et inférieure presque complète. Cette nouvelle espèce est la plus ancienne du genre Didelphodus connue en Amérique du Nord. Elle diffère des Didelphodus de l’Éocène inférieur par une taille nettement plus petite, des prémolaires relativement simples et une troisième molaire plus réduite par rapport aux molaires plus antérieures. Les précurseurs de Didelphodus ne sont pas connus avec certitude, et cette nouvelle espèce pourrait être un immigrant. Elle est provisoirement interprétée comme une forme naine comme d’autres mammifères du Wa-0 en raison de sa petite taille par rapport à l’espèce mieux connue D. absarokae Cope 1881 qui lui succède à partir du Wa-1. Financements Cette étude a bénéficié d’un financement de l’Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique. Références Gingerich, P.D., 1989. New earliest Wasatchian mammalian fauna from the Eocene of northwestern Wyoming: composition and diversity in a rarely sampled high-floodplain assemblage. University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology, 28: 1-97. 71
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2023
Inproceedings Reference Les lézard Iguania (Pleurodonta et Acrodonta) de l’Eocène inférieur (MP7) de Dormaal, Belgique
Depuis quelques années, les lézards de l’Eocène basal de Dormaal (niveau-repère MP7), Belgique sont en cours de révision. Après le varanidé Saniwa orsmaelensis et les geckos, ce sont les lézards Iguania qui viennent de faire l’objet d’une étude approfondie. Ce groupe est représenté d’une part par les Acrodonta (incluant les agames et les caméléons), actuellement plutôt distribués dans l’Ancien Monde, et d’autre part par les Pleurodonta (les iguanes), principalement distribués dans le Nouveau Monde. Mais dans nos régions, ces deux groupes de lézards cohabitaient de l’Eocène basal, durant le Maximum Thermique Paléocène-Eocène (PETM), climat le plus chaud des 66 derniers millions d’années, jusqu’à la fin de l’Eocène inférieur (MP10, Prémontré, France). Aujourd’hui cette co-occurrence ne se retrouve plus qu’à Madagascar. Un maxillaire complet de l’agame Tinosaurus europeocaenus, le plus vieil agame européen, donne de nombreux caractères diagnostiques de cette espèce et permet de le rapprocher du genre actuel Leiolepis. Les différences avec Tinosaurus indicus de l’Inde, T. doumuensis de Chine et Tinosaurus sp. d’Amérique du Nord sont aussi discutées. Pour les pleurodontes, à côté du lézard bien connu Geiseltaliellus, un nouveau genre, Bifurcodentodon, a pu être identifié sur base d’un maxillaire présentant une morphologie dentaire toute particulière. En effet, la traditionnelle cuspide centrale des dents est dédoublée indiquant probablement un régime alimentaire spécialisé. Cette spécialisation pourrait avoir causé la perte de ce taxon en raison de la compétition avec les espèces plus généralistes et plus adaptatives faces au changement climatique du Paléogène. Financements Ce travail fut possible grâce au financement SYNTHESYS BE-TAF-8234 de la Commission Européenne (A. Č .), à la bourse 1/0191/21 de l’Agence des Bourses Scientifiques du Ministère de l’Education de Slovaquie et de l’Académie des Sciences de Slovaquie (A. Č .) et au projet Belspo BRAIN BR/121/A3/PALEURAFRICA (T. S.) du Ministère de la Politique Scientifique Belge.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2023