A detailed structural mapping and geometrical analysis of distinct bedding-(sub)perpendicular and bedding-parallel quartz veins has been performed in the northeastern part of the High-Ardenne slate belt (Rursee, North Eifel, Germany), with the aim to reconstruct the local fracturing/veining history. The structural relationship of these two types of veins as well as their relationship with cleavage, folds and faults allows attributing a pre- to early-Variscan age to these veins. The first type of veins is oriented (sub)perpendicular to bedding and consists of several, mutual cross-cutting generations, which clearly predate Variscan deformation. The second type of veins, bedding-parallel veins, post-dates the bedding-(sub)perpendicular veins and reflects bedding-parallel thrusting at the onset of Variscan deformation, predating folding. Subsequently, during progressive Variscan compression both types of veins were passively folded within characteristic, NW-vergent, overturned folds. Locally, due to flexural slip folding, reactivation along the bedding-parallel veins may have taken place.
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This study presents several categories of persons whose status is that of foreigner, which appear in the inscriptions of Palmyra. We can classify them according to their social statuses in the Empire and at Palmyra: emperors, governors, financial officers, soldiers, those without official function, or simply foreigners (slaves, freed persons, and others). The names of emperors or governors are mentioned in Palmyrene epigraphy, but their actual presence at Palmyra is not assured. Other foreigners moved into the town and settled there, either temporarily or permanently. The latter underwent various levels of integration within the city of Palmyra. This study is based on the inscriptions discovered at the city of Palmyra, engraved both in monolingual Greek, Aramaic, and Latin epigraphs, as well as in bi- and trilingual epigraphs. The period covered by this study is limited to the first three centuries CE and the beginning of the fourth
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ANTHROPOLOGICA ET PREHISTORICA
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