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Caractérisation d'une sépulture multiple de Pachacamac, Pérou : complémentarité entre la bioarchéologie et l'archéologie moléculaire
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Pachacamac est un site précolombien majeur situé sur la côte centrale du Pérou. D'une superficie d'environ 6 km2, le site a été occupé pendant plus de mille ans avant la conquête espagnole au début du 16e siècle. En 2012, le projet Ychsma (ULB) a découvert une sépulture multiplede la Période Intermédiaire récente (900 à 1470 après JC) nommée Cx4, composée de deux chambres funéraires recouvertes d’un toit végétal, et contenant 89 défunts intacts ou fragmentaires ainsiqu’un abondant matériel funéraire . Plus de 60 % des individus sont des subadultes dont le sexe ne peut être attribué sur la seule base d'observations ostéologiques. L'analyse de l'ADN ancien (ADNa) peut être utile pour la détermination du sexe, la lignée mitochondriale générale (haplogroupe) et le diagnostic de maladies. A noter que la contamination non endogène du matériel archéologique par l'ADN est un problème récurrent, car les fouilles, la manipulation et le stockage ne répondent généralement pas aux critères recommandés pour l'analyse de l'ADN ancien. Nonobstant, nous présentons les résultats de l'ADNa de plusieurs individus humains récupérés dans le contexte Cx4. Nos objectifs sont de compléter les informations démographiques et de caractériser l'état de santé de la population enterrée dans ce lieu de pèlerinage dédié au dieu guérisseur éponyme, et ce en combinant bioarchéologie et archéologie moléculaire. Malgré une contamination humaine moderne importante et de faibles quantités d'ADN ancien endogène, nos résultats montrent que le sexe pourrait être attribué génétiquement dans >80% des cas, y compris les subadultes. L'identification du sexe des nourrissons, des enfants et des adolescents est cruciale pour bien comprendre ce contexte complexe et son recrutement funéraire, et pour effectuer une analyse intégrée et holistique de toutes les données associées. Les données ont également été utilisées pour estimer la présence d’ADNa de plusieurs agents pathogènes à l'aide de l'outil de classification taxonomique KrakenUniq.
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Characterization of a multiple burial context from Pachacamac, Peru: complementarity between bioarchaeology and molecular archaeology
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Pachacamac is a major precolumbian site located on Peru’s Central Coast. Covering approximately 6 km2, the site was occupied for over a thousand years before the Spanish conquest in the early sixteenth century. In 2012, the Ychsma Project discovered a unique Late Intermediate period (AD 900–1470) multiple burial (“Cx4”) made of two funerary chambers with a vegetal roof structure, containing over 110 intact and fragmentary deceased together with numerous grave goods. More than 60% of the individuals are subadults whose sex cannot be assigned using osteological observation. Among the adults, 23 females and 20 males were identified, and the sex of the remaining four individuals couldn’t be assigned with certainty. We aim to fully understand the sociobiology of the Cx4 population, including biological sex, using a combined bioarchaeology and molecular archaeology approach. Despite significant human modern contamination and low amounts of endogenous ancient DNA, our results show that sex could be assigned genetically in >70% of the cases, including subadults. Sex identification of infants, children and adolescents is crucial to fully understand this complex context and its funerary recruitment, and to perform an integrated and holistic analysis of all associated data.
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Paleo-genetic and paleo-pathological studies at Pachacamac: methodological issues and characterization of a multiple burial context (in Spanish)
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Pachacamac is a major pre-Columbian site located on Peru’s Central Coast. Covering approximately 6 km2, the site was occupied for over a thousand years before the Spanish conquest in the early 16th century. In 2012, the Ychsma Project excavated a Late Intermediate Period (900 to 1470 AD) multiple tomb (Cx4) made of two funerary chambers covered by a vegetal roof, containing 89 deceased together with numerous grave goods. Over 60% of the individuals are subadults whose sex cannot be assigned based on osteological observations. Ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis can be useful for sex determination, general mitochondrial lineage (haplogroup) and disease diagnosis. However, non-endogenous DNA contamination of archaeological material is a recurrent problematic, since excavation, handling and storage usually don't fit with the precautions recommended for ancient DNA analysis. Nevertheless, we obtained aDNA results from several human individuals recovered from the Cx4 context. Our objectives are to complete the demographic information and to characterize the health status of the population buried in this pilgrimage site dedicated to the eponymous healing god. Despite significant human modern contamination and low amounts of endogenous ancient DNA, our results show that sex could be assigned genetically in >80% of the cases, including subadults. Sex identification of infants, children and adolescents is crucial to fully understand this complex context and its funerary recruitment, and to perform an integrated and holistic analysis of all associated data. The genetic data were also used to estimate the presence of several pathogens using the KrakenUniq taxonomical classification tool.
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A multidisciplinary investigation of Ebola virus circulation in Inkanamongo, Democratic Republic of Congo
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RBINS Staff Publications 2024
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Novel shrew-borne orthonairoviruses from the Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Metagenomic screening of African wild meat from Congolese markets unveils the presence of a wide diversity of viruses
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Antibodies against arboviruses in Mastomys natalensis from Tanzania
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Identification of Coronaviruses in bats in Flanders, Northern Belgium
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Okavango virus, a new Namibian mammarenavirus in a Southern African mammarenavirus clade
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RBINS Staff Publications 2024
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Evaluation of the risks of recreational angling on invasive alien species spread: results of a survey in Belgium
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Aquatic ecosystems are one of the most impacted ecosystems by biological invasions. They seem to be more susceptible to invasions and subsequent environmental alterations than their terrestrial counterparts. Moreover, eradication of invasive species in these systems proves to be very challenging. It is therefore crucial to prevent new introductions and secondary spread of species already present through a collective effort of all water users. The adoption of biosecurity measures is an efficient way of decreasing unintentional transportation of IAS plant fragments or larvae on equipment due to recreational or professional freshwater activities. To inform the development of the first biosecurity campaign for Belgian anglers, a national online survey for anglers was organized during the spring of 2023, and generated more than 3000 individual replies. The aim of this survey was manyfold: gain a better understanding of angler mobility and angling frequency, assess current routines of equipment maintenance and bait disposal and also assess anglers’ awareness and perception on the issue of biological invasions. Results indicated that there is a real risk that anglers can introduce IAS in uninvaded systems either by unintentionally moving organisms around by changing locations during one trip (25% of anglers) or by bringing them back from abroad (45% of anglers). This is especially true since only 7% of anglers adhere to the full check-clean-dry routine after each trip, and mobile anglers were not more proficient at cleaning their equipment. Additionally, some anglers sometimes release bait or undesired species to another location. Respondents’ perception on IAS was rather negative, with anglers citing them amongst the three main threats for angling – indicating they could be considered as allies in the fight against IAS. The results of the survey inform our future work with the angling community in Belgium to design adequate messages, efficiently reach the target audience and assess after if the campaign had an influence on angler habits and awareness.
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