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Strandingen en waarnemingen van zeezoogdieren en opmerkelijke vissen in België in 2016
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RBINS Staff Publications 2017
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Stratigraphic interpretation of the Neogene marine-continental record in the Maaseik well (49W0220) in the Roer Valley Graben, NE Belgium
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A 302 m deep, cored reconnaissance well was drilled in 1980, at Jagersborg to the northwest of Maaseik (49W0220). The borehole is located north of the Feldbiss fault system, in the Rur Valley Graben. The top of the section consists of Saalian to Pleni-Weichselian Meuse gravels capped by loam. The section between 22 and 193 m is identified as the Kieseloolith Formation, consisting mainly of quartzic sands with the intercalation of four lignite and clay intervals. Lithological characteristics and geophysical well logs allow the traditional identification of the Waubach sands and gravels at the base of the Kieseloolith Formation, overlain by the Pey sands between two lignite and clay levels which are interpreted as Brunssum clay; using the same approach, the sands above the upper Brunssum clay are interpreted as the Schinveld/Jagersborg sands. The palynology, however, suggests a Pliocene age, Reuverian, for the entire quartz sand unit although also a Brunssum age could be accorded to the quartz sand below 90 m depth. Two palynozones occur with a boundary around 57.6 m. The top of the lower palynozone A, between 57.6 and 87.5 m, has a similar composition as the Mol sand lignites occurring to the west, outside the Rur Valley Graben. The upper palynozone B between 57.6 m and the top of the sands characterizes the Reuverian C and the clay layers present in this section are consequently interpreted as Reuver clay. The palynozone A represents a landscape covered by dense forest in contrast to the upper palynozone B during which the clearance of the woods had already started, the forest became less dense and enclosed mires more extensive. The top of the Kieseloolith Formation marks the transition to the Praetiglian. All lignites show a rank between the brown coals in the Lower-Rhine exploitations and peats. The interval between 193 and 198 m is a yellow quartzic, mica-containing marine sand of uncertain stratigraphic position; it might correspond to the Syltian, an uppermost Miocene regional North-Sea stage. The green glauconitic sands between 198 and 302 m are identified as the Breda Formation and can be further subdivided based on grain size and glauconite content. Dinofl agellates and mollusc fragments allow the identification of a lower part between 302 and about 273 m that is biostratigraphically similar to the upper part of the Antwerpen Member and Zonderschot Member of the Berchem Formation to the west. It is considered as Middle Serravallian in age based on dinofl agellates. An upper part between about 235 and 198 m is biostratigraphically equivalent to the Deurne and Dessel Members of the Diest Formation, based on dinofl agellates, molluscs, benthic foraminifera and ostracods. The age of this upper part is Tortonian. The interval between these lower and upper parts of the Breda Formation has no facies equivalents in the Campine basin to the west.
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Stratigraphie sur l'age des argiles de Levallois (Rhétien supérieur) dans le Bassin de Paris
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Stratigraphie und Lagerungsverhältnisse im Gebiet südwestlich Hergenrath in der Umgebung der Eynaburg
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Stratigraphie und Paläogeographie des Siegeniums und Emsiums zwischen Aachen und dem Ahrtal (Linksrheinisches Schiefergebirge, Deutschland)
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Stratigraphy and depositional environments of the Late Famennian (Late Devonian) of Southern Belgium and characterization of the Strud locality
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The Famennian (Upper Devonian, c. 372 to 359 Ma) strata of Belgium have recently received much attention after the discoveries of early tetrapod remains and outstandingly preserved continental arthropods. The Strud locality has yielded a diverse flora and fauna including seed-plants, tetrapods, various placoderm, actinopterygian, acanthodian and sarcopterygian fishes, crustaceans (anostracans, notostracans, conchostracans and decapods) and a putative complete insect. This fossil assemblage is one of the oldest continental – probably fresh-water – ecosystems with a considerable vertebrate and invertebrate diversity. The study of the palaeoenvironment of the Strud locality is crucial because it records one of the earliest and most important phases of tetrapod evolution that took place after their emergence but before their terrestrialization. It raises the question of environmental and ecological conditions for the Devonian aquatic ecosystem and the selection pressures occurring at the onset of tetrapod terrestrialization. The present study characterized the fluvial facies of the Upper Famennian sedimentary rocks of Strud and the surrounding areas. The exceptional preservation of arthropods and plants in the main fossiliferous layers is explained by rapid burial in the fine-grained sediment of the quiet and confined flood plain environment. Newly investigated fossiliferous sections in the Meuse–Samson area led to the description and correlation of key sections (Strud, Wierde and Jausse sections, complemented by the less continuous Haltinne, Huy and Coutisse sections). Moreover, the investigated sections allowed a review of the age of the fossiliferous horizon, which is now definitely considered to be Late Famennian in age.
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RBINS Staff Publications 2016
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Stratigraphy of the Upper Frasnian and Famennian deposits in the region of Hamoir-sur-Ourthe (Dinant Synclinorium, Belgium)
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Structural analysis of narrow reworked boudins and influence of sedimentary successions during a two-stage deformation sequence (Ardenne-Eifel region, Belgium-Germany)
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The famous "boudins" from the Ardenne and Eifel regions (Belgium, Germany) occur as regularly-spaced segments of Lower Devonian (meta-)sandstones separated by lens-shaped quartz veins. The whole is embedded in thick siltstone or shale horizons. Structural evidence throughout the Ardenne-Eifel region reveals a two-stage deformation sequence composed of a layer-parallel extension followed by a layer-parallel shortening. The latter results from the development of the Rhenohercynian fold-and-thrust belt during the Variscan orogeny (Carboniferous). During that period, the boudins inherited from the layer-parallel extension were strongly reworked and acquired their current extreme convex geometry, in parallel to a reduction of the aspect ratio (width/height) to ~0.5. We consider therefore that these structures should be named as ‘narrow reworked boudins’. The prefix ‘narrow’ indicates that before the reworking period the boudin aspect ratio was already small (~ 1.0). In this memoir, evidences of unquestionable narrow boudins are illustrated. Their formation results from the opening of a joint set at a fracture saturation stage, in which any additional layer-parallel extension is accommodated by the opening of the existing joints instead of the development of new joints. We present a new model including all these aspects for the formation and reworking of boudins as those from the Ardenne-Eifel region. The Lower Devonian formations from the Ardenne-Eifel region include not only thick siltstone or shale horizons with isolated sandstone layers that were boudinaged and then reworked, but also sandstone-dominant to massive sandstone units, where fine materials represent only cm- to mm-interlayers. Their deformation patterns differ from those richer in fine materials. During the period of layer-parallel extension, both sandstone-dominant and massive sandstone successions were affected by the growth of complex arrays of single- and multi-layered quartz veins. Single-layered veins correspond to pure open-mode fractures, while multi-layered veins frequently represent a hybrid-shear fracturation mode. During the layer-parallel shortening period, small-scale folds were developed in the sandstone-dominant units in close association with the occurrence of multi-layered quartz veins. By contrast, the quartz veins in massive sandstone units seem to have no influence during the layer-parallel shortening period. In this case, the shortening was accommodated by common structures, such as large-scale folds and reverse faulting (ramp).
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Structurally stable but functionally disrupted marine microbial communities under a future climate change scenario: Potential importance for nitrous oxide emissions
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The blue mussel Mytilus edulis is a widespread and abundant bivalve species along the North Sea with high economic and ecological importance as an engineer species. The shell of mussels is intensively colonized by microbial organisms that can produce significant quantities of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas. To characterize the impacts of climate change on the composition, structure and functioning of microbial biofilms on the shell surface of M. edulis, we experimentally exposed them to orthogonal combinations of increased seawater temperature (20 vs. 23 ◦ C) and decreased pH (8.0 vs. 7.7) for six weeks. We used amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to characterize the alpha and beta diversity of microbial communities on the mussel shell. The functioning of microbial biofilms was assessed by measuring aerobic respiration and nitrogen emission rates. We did not report any significant impacts of climate change treatments on the diversity of mussel microbiomes nor on the structure of these communities. Lowered pH and increased temperature had antagonistic effects on the functioning of microbial communities with decreased aerobic respiration and N2O emission rates of microbial
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RBINS Staff Publications 2023
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Studies in Tertiary benthonic foraminifera in Belgium
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