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Inbook Reference Paléopathologie du ventre : apport de l’étude des tissus mous et des calcifications biologiques
Cet article traite de l’apport de l'étude des tissus mous et des calcifications biologiques à la connaissance des pathologies du ventre des populations du passé. Il aborde le type de matériel analysé, les méthodes d’étude employées ainsi que des exemples d’application datant principalement de l’Antiquité, du Moyen Âge et de l’Époque moderne. En plus des précieuses données paléo-épidémiologiques collectées, ce type de recherche permet d’en savoir plus sur les conditions de vie et les habitudes de nos ancêtres. This paper discusses how studies on soft tissue and biological calcification contribute to greater knowledge of abdominal pathologies from past populations. The paper looks at the type of material analysed, the study methods used and examples of application which date mainly from the Antiquity, the Middle Ages and the Modern Era. In addition to the valuable palaeo-epidemiological data collected, this type of research allows us to learn more about the living conditions and past habits of our ancestors.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2021 OA
Article Reference Sexing the bony labyrinth: A morphometric investigation in a subadult and adult Belgian identified sample
In forensic anthropology, sex estimation is a fundamental step in assessing individual biological profiles when analyzing human skeletons. Yet, current methods are not reliable enough to allow an accurate sex identification of highly fragmented, burnt, or subadult remains. This paper aims to investigate sexual dimorphism of the bony labyrinth on both identified subadult and adult individuals. The bony labyrinth is of particular interest for sex estimation since it is alleged to complete size and maturation pre-pubertally and is located inside the petrous part of the temporal bone which protects it from taphonomic processes. The study was performed on 93 CT scans of identified individuals from two Belgian osteological collections (19-20th century) and from current pediatric images (Erasme hospital, Brussels). Linear and angular measurements were taken on 2D slices of right bony labyrinths. Intra- and interobservers error measurements were calculated. Statistical tests were used to unravel any morphological variations between subadult and adult bony labyrinths and to highlight differences between females and males, separately in subadults and adults. Linear discriminant functions were established by cross-validation and tested on an independent sample from Belgium. Some measurements were significantly different between subadults and adults, and between females and males within both subadult and adult samples. Univariate functions achieved 72.7% in subadults and 68.4% in adults whereas multivariate equations increased accuracy respectively up to 84.9% and 78.4%. This study entails promising results to design a sex estimation method suitable for fragmented and/or subadult remains. Further metric approaches are needed to explore bony labyrinth sexual dimorphism.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2021 OA
Article Reference Entheseal changes and estimation of adult age-at-death
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2021
Article Reference Amphidromus thachi, a new species (Gastropoda: Camaenidae) from Vietnam
Located in Library / RBINS collections by external author(s)
Article Reference 33 million year old Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) and the rapid global radiation of modern bats
The bat genus Myotis is represented by 120+ living species and 40+ extinct species and is found on every continent except Antarctica. The time of divergence of Myotis has been contentious as has the time and place of origin of its encompassing group the Vespertilionidae, the most diverse (450+ species) and widely distributed extant bat family. Fossil Myotis species are common, especially in Europe, beginning in the Miocene but earlier records are poor. Recent study of new specimens from the Belgian early Oligocene locality of Boutersem reveals the presence of a relatively large vespertilionid. Morphological comparison and phylogenetic analysis confirms that the new, large form can be confidently assigned to the genus Myotis, making this record the earliest known for that taxon and extending the temporal range of this extant genus to over 33 million years. This suggests that previously published molecular divergence dates for crown myotines (Myotis) are too young by at least 7 million years. Additionally, examination of first fossil appearance data of 1,011 extant placental mammal genera indicates that only 13 first occurred in the middle to late Paleogene (48 to 33 million years ago) and of these, six represent bats, including Myotis. Paleogene members of both major suborders of Chiroptera (Yangochiroptera and Yinpterochiroptera) include extant genera indicating early establishment of successful and long-term adaptive strategies as bats underwent an explosive radiation near the beginning of the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum in the Old World. A second bat adaptive radiation in the New World began coincident with the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2017
Article Reference Estimating body size in early primates: The case of Archicebus and Teilhardina
Obtaining accurate estimations of the body mass of fossil primates has always been a subject of interest in paleoanthropology because mass is an important determinant for so many other aspects of biology, ecology, and life history. This paper focuses on the issues involved in attempting to reconstruct the mass of two early Eocene haplorhine primates, Teilhardina and Archicebus, which pose particular problems due to their small size and temporal and phylogenetic distance from extant primates. In addition to a ranking of variables from more to less useful, the effect of using models of varying taxonomic and size compositions is examined. Phylogenetic correction is also applied to the primate database. Our results indicate that the choice of variable is more critical than the choice of model. The more reliable variables are the mediolateral breadth across the femoral condyles and the area of the calcaneocuboid facet of the calcaneus. These variables suggest a body mass of 39 g (range 33e46 g) for Archicebus and 48 g (range 44 e56 g) for Teilhardina. The width of the distal femur is found to be the most consistent estimator across models of various composition and techniques. The effect of phylogenetic correction is small but the choice of branch length assumption affects point estimates for the fossils. The majority of variables and models predict the body mass of Archicebus and Teilhardina to be in the range of the smaller extant mouse lemurs, as expected.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2017
Article Reference Complementary contribution to the study of the entomological fauna of Borneo island with the description of a new subspecies in the genus Aegosoma Audinet-Serville, 1832 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Prioninae)
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2021
Article Reference Moth Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from the Belgian transition of the Atlantic to the Central European Faunal Zones
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2018
Article Reference Revision of the genus Orictites Andrewes, 1931 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Clivinini)
Located in Library / RBINS collections by external author(s)
Article Reference Confirmation de la présence de Sceliphron curvatum (Smith, 1870) en Belgique (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2021