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Article Reference Les monuments funéraires gallo-romains et l’emploi de la pierre dans la région occidentale de la Civitas Treverorum
1. Les monuments funéraires trévires 1.1. Introduction Les monuments funéraires des Trévires sont le sujet de deux projets de recherche, menés par l’Académie des Sciences Autrichienne en coopération avec l’Université de Luxembourg d’une part et l’Université de Francfort et le Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier d’autre part (Mahler, 2017). L’objectif de cette contribution est de présenter quelques réflexions préliminaires sur les analyses pétrographiques effectuées dans le cadre du projet austro-luxembourgeois. La cité des Trévires, située en Gaule Belgique, est appréciée depuis longtemps pour la quantité et la richesse de ses monuments funéraires de l’époque gallo-romaine, dont ceux provenant de Neumagen (von Massow, 1932) et d’Arlon (Espérandieu, 1913 ; Colling et al., 2009), pour ne citer que les ensembles les plus célèbres. Toutefois, cet ensemble n'a jamais fait l'objet d'un traitement scientifique et d'une évaluation exhaustive, étant donné que la zone d'étude est située à la frontière linguistique franco-allemande et comprend quatre États modernes (Kremer, 2018a ; Kremer, 2018b). De plus, les nouvelles découvertes des dernières décennies, comme celle du mausolée de Bertrange (Krier, 2003 ; Kremer, 2009) ou des monuments du Titelberg (Kremer, 2019), apportent des éclairages nouveaux sur l'évolution de la situation dans cette région et invitent à une enquête approfondie de l’ensemble des monuments connus. Dans le cadre du projet austro-luxembourgeois sur la partie occidentale de la civitas Treverorum, des analyses pétrographiques ont été initiées d’abord afin d'assurer une caractérisation et une détermination de provenance correctes des matériaux pierreux utilisés, ensuite afin d'obtenir des données nouvelles sur des questions d'organisation d'ateliers, de chronologie ou de relations économiques. Nous espérons contribuer à une meilleure compréhension de l'utilisation de la pierre dans le Nord de la Gaule, où la région trévire constituait une tache blanche sur la carte (Boulanger & Moulis, 2018). Une sélection représentative a été faite parmi les monuments accessibles de la zone de recherche ; toutefois, en l’absence d’exhaustivité, les résultats concernant la fréquence d'apparition des matériaux n’ont pas de valeur statistique. Ont été analysés les blocs de monuments funéraires exposés dans les musées de Luxembourg (MNHA), Arlon, Virton, Buzenol et Trèves. Des prélèvements ont été réalisés sur une série d’échantillons mise à disposition par le Centre national de recherche archéologique (CNRA) du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. - Joint project FWF/FNR I 2269-G25: « Funerary Monuments from Western civitas Treverorum in an Interregional Context. The Inter-Connected Evaluation of a Socio-Historically Relevant Category of Finds ». Direction de projet : Gabrielle Kremer, ÖAI/ÖAW (lead) et Andrea Binsfeld, UniLu. Nous remercions les membres de l’équipe Sophie Insulander, Jean Krier, Sebastian Mühling et Christine Ruppert ainsi que les collègues du CNRA et du MNHA Luxembourg, du IAL et des Musées d’Arlon, Virton et Trèves. - Projet financé par la DFG : « Römische Grabdenkmäler aus Augusta Treverorum im überregionalen Vergleich: mediale Strategien sozialer Repräsentation ». Direction de projet : Anja Klöckner et Markus Scholz, Univ. Francfort, et Marcus Reuter, RLM Trier.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2021
Article Reference Les tombes tardo-romaines dans le bassin moyen de la Meuse au travers des découvertes du Tienne del Baticulle à Nismes
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2020
Inproceedings Reference Locomotor behavior of Paleocene mammals: Insights from the semicircular canals of the inner ear
The end-Cretaceous mass extinction triggered the collapse of ecosystems and a drastic turnover in mammalian communities leading to the demise of many ecologically specialized species. While Mesozoic mammals were ecomorphologically diverse, recognizable ecological richness was only truly established in the Eocene. Questions remain about the ecology of the first wave of mammals radiating after the extinction. Here, we use the semicircular canals of the inner ear as a proxy for locomotor behavior. Thirty new inner ear virtual endocasts were generated using high-resolution computed tomography scanning. This sample was supplemented by data from the literature to construct a dataset of 79 fossils spanning the Jurassic to the Eocene alongside 262 extant mammals. Vestibular sensitivity was measured using the radius of curvature against body mass and the residuals of this relationship were analyzed. The petrosal lobule size relative to body mass were compared with the inner ear data as they have a role in maintaining gaze stabilization during motion. Paleocene mammals exhibited smaller canal radius of curvature, compared to Mesozoic, Eocene, and extant taxa. In the early Paleocene, canal radius and associated petrosal lobules were relatively smaller on average compared to other temporal groups, suggesting less ability for fast movements. Our results support previous work on tarsal morphology and locomotor behavioral ancestral state reconstructions suggesting that ground dwelling mammalian species were more common than arboreal taxa during the Paleocene. Ultimately, this may indicate that the collapse of forested environments immediately after extinction led to the preferential survivorship of more terrestrially adapted mammals.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2023
Inproceedings Reference Metagenomics of tsunami deposits: developments and challenges from a case study on the Shetland Islands (UK)
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2021
Inproceedings Reference Mineralogical and geochemical insights of Fe-Ti-P-REE mineralization in alkaline igneous complexes: example from the Kodal deposit, Oslo Rift, Norway
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2023
Inproceedings Reference Modelling anthropogenic deposits in 3D geological models
While geological models traditionally focus on the natural status of the underground, the shallow subsurface has been significantly altered by human activities over centuries. Particularly in urban contexts, ground has been raised, reworked, filled-in or disturbed in other ways. The rationale behind these alterations is as varied as the characteristics of the associated anthropogenic deposits: large-scale structures such as residential and industrial areas built on extensive sheets of filling materials or reclaimed lands are intertwined with smaller-scale features related, for example, to road and railway infrastructures, dikes or landfills. Their composition is equally diverse, ranging from displaced natural materials, such as crushed rocks, gravel, sand or clay, to artificial substances like recycled steel slags, concrete or rubble, or mixtures of these. Gaining knowledge on the presence and characteristics of such deposits is highly relevant, as their physical and chemical behaviour may differ significantly from those of natural deposits. The significance of anthropogenic deposits is increasingly recognized in urban geology. Resolving the geometry and properties of the urban shallow subsurface is essential for anticipating associated risks, for example dealing with pollution, ground stability or distorted water infiltration patterns. Anthropogenic deposits are, however, often scantily archived in permit documentation or represented on (geological) maps. Within the GSEU (Geological Service for Europe) project, the GSB is contributing to the task to develop a common, international vocabulary to describe all aspects of anthropogenic deposits, allowing standardised representation and characterisation in geological models. In parallel, VITO is developing shallow subsurface urban models for the Flemish government (VPO) within the VLAKO-framework, such as the published model of the Antwerp harbour and city. As the anthropogene inherently is part of these models, we are always aiming to better incorporate these deposits into the models. However, modelling the anthropogene presents unique challenges due to its high-resolution variability, scarcity of input data, and dynamic nature. It requires an approach that differs radically from traditional geological modelling techniques, in which depositional concepts related to the sedimentational or structural environment can be incorporated. In this presentation we will outline how we integrate various 1D, 2D and 3D sources to identify and characterize anthropogenic deposits and incorporate these insights in a 3D geological model of the anthropogene. This methodology is applied to the urban periphery of Brussels, where a new 3D geological model is being developed to support infrastructure projects and urban planning with special focus on the ring road (R0) of Brussels. Secondly, we will evaluate current lithological standards, vocabulary and stratigraphic approaches to characterize anthropogenic deposits. We will discuss their applicability in Flanders with practical examples from the periphery of Brussels. Ultimately, improving the representation of the anthropogene in geological models will significantly enhance their utility for urban planning, environmental management, and the sustainable utilization of the subsurface in urban areas.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2024
Inbook Reference Modern and ancient ovicaprine herding in the Sagalassos area (Burdur Province, Turkey)
Located in Library / No RBINS Staff publications
Proceedings Reference Mutlidisciplinary approach to assess the Cambrian geothermal potential in Brussels region with a focus on public buildings (Geocamb project)
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2023
Inproceedings Reference Naturally CO2-rich water springs in Belgium evidencing complex subsurface interactions
Numerous naturally CO2-rich mineral water springs, locally called ‘pouhons’, occur in southeast Belgium. These are oversaturated in CO2 (up to 4g/L) and have attracted economic, touristic and scientific interest for centuries. Water sources occur within Palaeozoic rocks of the Rhenohercynian deformation zone, a fold-and-thrust belt at the north of the Variscan orogeny in central Europe. Many occurrences are concentrated in the Cambro-Ordivician Stavelot-Venn massif. A widely accepted model, supported by H-O isotopic signatures, is that sources are primarily fed by meteoric water, which infiltrates through Quaternary sediments, then reaching Lower Palaeozoic rocks to meet the mineral and CO2 source at unknown depth. Different ideas for the origin of CO2 are grouped in two main hypotheses: a) generation by dissolution of carbonate rocks and/or nodules, and b) volcanic degassing related to the neighbouring Eifel area in Germany. These well-known interpretations are mostly based on geochemical studies that are dispersed and poorly accessible. These have now been gathered in the light of new sampling campaigns, allowing to revisit and compare the views of earlier authors. We also for the first time include the geotectonic setting of the region. Carbonate rocks in the region are represented by Lower Carboniferous and Middle Devonian limestones. Depending on the assumed structural evolution for this foreland fold-an-thrust belt, these may occur at >2 km depth below the Stavelot-Venn massif. Carbonate nodules are present in other formations, but their limited volume is unlikely to originate high and long-lived quantities of CO2. Springs enriched in CO2 are also common in the volcanic Eifel area, with presence of mantle CO2 well established. The supposed extension of the Eifel plume would allow for a magmatic CO2 source below the Stavelot-Venn massif from degassing of the plume (>50 km deep), or of an unknown shallower magmatic reservoir. Available stable and noble isotopes point to a mixed carbonate-magmatic origin. If considering the presence of limestones at depth, meteoric water should infiltrate at least 2 km. Known deep-rooted faults are thought to act as preferential groundwater pathways. However, such deep circulation is incompatible with the low temperatures of springs (~10oC), unless the ascent is slow enough to fully dissipate heat prior to resurfacing. Another possibility is that meteoric water does not infiltrate as deep, with CO2 being transported upwards to meet groundwaters at shallower depths. The presence of CO2 surface leaks, locally called ‘mofettes’, could be evidence of such relatively shallow availability of CO2. The evaluation of existing hypotheses highlights complex subsurface processes that involve water infiltration, CO2 assimilation and water resurfacing in southeast Belgium (Figure 1). As such, this review is an important guide for the newly launched sampling campaigns. Acknowledgements This work is part of two research projects: GeoConnect³d-GeoERA that has received funding by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement number 731166, and ROSEAU project, as part of the Walloon program «Doctorat en Entreprise», co-funded by the SPW Région Wallonne of Belgium and the company Bru-Chevron S.A. (Spadel group), under grant number 7984. References Barros, R., Defourny, A., Collignon, A., Jobé, P., Dassargues, A., Piessens, K. & Welkenhuysen, K., 2021. A review of the geology and origin of CO2 in mineral water springs in east Belgium. Geologica Belgica, 24 (1-2), p.17-31. https://doi.org/10.20341/gb.2020.023
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2021
Inproceedings Reference Near-field changes in the seabed and associated macrobenthic communities due to marine aggregate extraction on tidal sandbanks: a spatially explicit biophysical approach considering geological context and extraction regimes
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2021