-
An enigmatic ungulate from the early Eocene of India
-
The early Eocene Cambay Shale Formation in Gujarat State, India has produced a rich mammalian fauna, including the earliest artiodactyls, perissodactyls, primates, hyaenodonts, rodents, lagomorphs, chiropterans, and tillodonts from the Indian Subcontinent. While some of these groups show endemism at the generic or familial level, all belong to clades that are widely distributed across Laurasian continents, and some show particularly close similarities to contemporary taxa from other continents, particularly Europe. We report here a distinctive new taxon, represented by a mandible with p3-m3 and a second mandibular fragment with m3. The morphology of the new taxon is broadly comparable to diverse early ungulates from around the world but shows a unique suite of features including a strongly fused mandibular symphysis, enlarged anterior tooth alveolus, simple premolars lacking paraconids and with only a rudimentary metaconid on p4, progressive size increase of the molars distally, molar exodaenodonty/unilateral hypsodonty, molar paraconids absent, hypoconulids absent on m1-2, incipient development of selenodont buccal cusps and an incipient entolophid formed by a transverse entoconid, well-developed, and prominent m3 hypoconulid. One particularly distinctive feature is the presence of large, cuspate ectostylids on molar hypoflexids. While there are similarities to a variety of taxa, most notably periptychids, louisinids, early African “ungulates” (Abdounodus, Ocepeia), and even early anthracotheres, none of these is detailed enough to indicate a close relationship, and all appear to be better interpreted as convergence. Our present understanding suggests that these fossils represent a new family of “condylarth”-grade ungulates perhaps endemic to India. Although their overall adaptations are very different, there are some intriguing similarities to another group of enigmatic Eocene mammals from the Indian Subcontinent, Quettacyonidae. While more material is needed to test this possible relationship, quettacyonids and the new taxon may represent remnants of the eutherian fauna present in India prior to its first faunal exchange with the northern continents, and the new taxon likely has a lengthy, undocumented history in the Indian Paleocene. Grant Information: Fieldwork and research supported by Leakey Foundation, National Geographic Society, Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, and Belgian Science Policy Office.
Located in
Library
/
RBINS Staff Publications 2017
-
Old collections, new taxa: late Carboniferous (Moscovian) roachoids (stem group Dictyoptera) among plants with insect interactions from the Benxi Formation, China, stored in European museums
-
Located in
Library
/
RBINS Staff Publications 2025
-
The Archaeology, Architecture and Afterlife of the Odeion of Ancient Sagalassos
-
Located in
Library
/
RBINS Staff Publications 2024
-
Making sense of variation in sclerochronological stable isotope profiles of mollusks and fish otoliths from the early Eocene southern North Sea Basin
-
Stable isotope sclerochemistry of biogenic carbonate is frequently used for the reconstruction of paleotemperature and seasonality. Yet, few studies have compared intra-and inter-taxon isotope variability and variation within a single depositional environment. We measured seasonal changes in δ18O and δ13C compositions in multiple specimens of two carditid bivalve species, a turritelline gastropod species, and two species of otoliths from demersal fish, from two early Eocene (latest Ypresian, 49.2 Ma) coquinas in the inner neritic Aalter Formation, located in the Belgian part of the southern North Sea Basin (paleolatitude ∼41°N). Results demonstrate considerable variation among taxa in the mean, amplitude, and skewness of δ18O and δ13C values from sequentially sampled growth series. We attribute this variation to factors including differences in seasonal growth over ontogeny, mixing of depositional settings by sediment transport, differences between sedentary and mobile organisms, and differences in longevity of the taxa in question. Growth cessation during winters in turritellines and fishes in particular lead to an incomplete representation of the seasonal cycle in their growth increments, in comparison to carditid bivalves. Ophidiid fish otolith isotope records appear to reflect environmental conditions over a wider range of habitats and environments, and we infer this is due to a combination of sedimentary transport, as these are small structures, and postmortem transport by free-swimming predatory fish. Our study highlights the potential variability encompassed by taxa in the shallow marine realm even when they are found in the same deposits. While this has significant implications for seasonality reconstructions based on conventional isotope profiles, we show that careful study of the ecology and ontogeny of multiple taxa and specimens within a death assemblage can reveal sources of variation and yield a close approximation of conditions in the setting of interest.
Located in
Library
/
RBINS Staff Publications 2025
-
A European monsoon-like climate in a warmhouse world
-
The middle Eocene warmhouse period (45 million years ago) featured atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations equivalent to those projected under high future emission scenarios. Seasonal- to weather timescale climate reconstructions from this period can provide critical insight into the impact of Anthropogenic warming on intra-annual variability in temperature and precipitation. Here, we combine daily-scale reconstructions of the evolution of temperature and the water cycle in western Europe based on stable oxygen and clumped isotope analyses on the fastest-growing gastropod known in the fossil record: Campanile giganteum. Our dataset shows that the middle Eocene of western Europe featured monsoon-like conditions, with seawater temperatures of ˊ24 °C during mild and wet winters, 30 °C during hot and dry spring and autumn seasons, and ˊ28 °C during warm and comparatively wet summers. Coupled climate model simulations using the Community Earth System Model indicate these seasonal variations in temperature and precipitation were driven by shifting atmospheric and oceanic circulation regimes over Western Europe, with winds from different directions bringing distinct waters to the region and minimal wind during spring reducing cooling through diminished latent heat flux. Our results highlight that Europe may experience wetter summers with more frequent extreme rainfall events under future high emissions scenarios.
Located in
Library
/
RBINS Staff Publications 2025
-
Infancy and Death in Medieval Wallonia (Belgium): Some Burial and Biological Aspects
-
This study investigates infant burials (foetal to 3 years old) in early medieval Wallonia (seventh–twelfth centuries AD) through archaeothanatological analysis of two recently excavated urban religious sites: Liège (Notre-Dame-aux-Fonts) and Mons (Rampe Sainte-Waudru). Twenty-four individuals were examined for grave location, architecture, burial arrangement, age, and palaeopathology. Infants typically received careful funerary treatment, often in wooden or soft containers, mirroring that of older individuals. Occasional double burials with adults raise questions about familial and community relationships. Individuals aged 1–3 years are overrepresented, though incomplete excavations limit demographic interpretation. Biological status – age or health – did not appear to influence burial care; only two showed pathology, one possibly from birth trauma. The integration of these burials in key religious centres reflects infants’ recognised social value within community. Findings enhance understanding of early medieval attitudes towards childhood and call for further study of the social and biological determinants of infant burial practices.
Located in
Library
/
RBINS Staff Publications 2025
-
New insights on the Lower Ordovician linguliformean brachiopods of the Anglo-Brabant Massif and the Stavelot-Venn Inlier (Belgium)
-
The Lower Ordovician (Tremadocian) linguliformean brachiopods of the southeastern part of the Anglo-Brabant Massif are documented systematically for the first time. The material belongs to a single Belgian locality (La Roche-en-Brabant), situated in one of the few valleys that incise the Mesozoic-Cenozoic cover, and more precisely from the topmost part of the siliciclastic Mousty Formation (Tangissart Member). Here, minute, poorly diverse linguliformeans are associated with planktic graptolites (Rhabdinopora) and nileid trilobites (Platypeltoides). They consist of three species belonging to three genera (Obolidae and Elkaniidae), of which only Broeggeria is known with certainty, due to the poor preservation of the material. In the Belgian part of the Stavelot-Venn Inlier, the presence of linguliformean brachiopods within the Floian Les Plattes Member of the Ottré Formation, which were reported more than 150 years ago, remains unconfirmed. The genus Broeggeria, known from several Belgian Tremadocian localities, is a relic from the Cambrian brachiopod fauna. By the Tremadocian it is well established globally between the Low-Latitude and High-Latitude provinces. The Belgian assemblage has strong similarities with assemblages from Baltica reflecting the early Palaeozoic changing palaeogeography.
Located in
Library
/
RBINS Staff Publications 2025
-
Designation of a Brazilian topotypic neotype for Dardanus pectinatus (Ortmann, 1892) and establishment of D. ctenodon sp. nov. for the East Atlantic hermit crab previously misidentified with it (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Diogenidae)
-
The type locality of the hermit crab, Pagurus striatus var. pectinata Ortmann, 1892, as given in its original description, is Brazil. After its original brief taxonomic account, the species was first treated as amphi-Atlantic and later the name Dardanus pectinatus (Ortmann, 1892) was systematically applied to an African Atlantic species. No explicit reason has ever been given for this application. However, it transpires from the literature that carcinologists believed that the gastropod shell, Tonna galea (Linnaeus, 1758), occupied by the holotype of Pagurus striatus var. pectinata Ortmann, 1892 was endemic to the Mediterranean and Eastern Atlantic, and that the specimen had therefore been mislabelled. In fact, Tonna galea is amphi-Atlantic and the shell occupied by the hermit crab cannot be used to argue that it has been mislabelled. The holotype of Pagurus striatus var. pectinata Ortmann, 1892 is lost and its original description and illustration are insufficient to establish its true identity. Two steps are taken to stabilise the nomenclature in accepting the hypothesis by far most likely, i.e. that the holotype of Pagurus striatus var. pectinata did indeed come from Brazil. First action: a Brazilian neotype is designated for Pagurus striatus var. pectinata, with a specimen of a species compatible with its original description, namely Dardanus insignis (de Saussure, 1857). As a result of this action, Dardanus pectinatus (Ortmann, 1892) becomes a junior synonym of Dardanus insignis (de Saussure, 1857). Second action: the African Atlantic species is described as a new species, Dardanus ctenodon sp. nov., with a holotype from Senegal. The three similar Atlantic species Dardanus arrosor (Herbst, 1796), Dardanus ctenodon sp. nov. and Dardanus insignis (de Saussure, 1857) are the subject of an illustrated taxonomic account and an identification key is given for all the Atlantic species of Dardanus.
Located in
Library
/
RBINS Staff Publications 2025
-
A description of existing operational ocean forecasting services around the globe
-
Predicting the ocean state in support of human activities, environmental monitoring, and policymaking across different regions worldwide is fundamental. To properly address physical, dynamical, ice, and biogeochemical processes, numerical strategies must be employed. The authors provide an outlook on the status of operational ocean forecasting systems in eight key regions including the global ocean: the West Pacific and Marginal Seas of South and East Asia, the Indian Seas, the African Seas, the Mediterranean and Black Sea, the North East Atlantic, South and Central America, North America (including the Canadian coastal region, the United States, and Mexico), and the Arctic. The authors initiate their discussion by addressing the specific regional challenges that must be addressed and proceed to discuss the numerical strategy and the available operational systems, ranging from regional to coastal scales. This compendium serves as a foundational reference for understanding the global offering, demonstrating how the diverse physical environment – ranging from waves to ice – and the biogeochemical features besides ocean dynamics can be systematically addressed through regular, coordinated prediction efforts.
Located in
Library
/
RBINS Staff Publications 2025
-
A description of ocean forecasting applications around the globe
-
Operational oceanography can be considered the backbone of the blue economy: it offers solutions that can support multiple UN Sustainable Development Goals by promoting the sustainable use of ocean resources for economic growth, livelihoods and job creation. Given this strategic challenge, the community worldwide has started to develop science-based and user-oriented downstream services and applications that use ocean products as provided by forecasting systems as main input. This paper provides examples of stakeholder support tools offered by such applications and includes sea state awareness, oil spill forecasting, port services, and fishing and aquaculture. Also emphasized is the important role of ocean literacy and citizen science to increase awareness of and education about these critical topics. Snapshots of various applications in key world ocean regions, within the framework of the OceanPrediction Decade Collaborative Centre (DCC), are illustrated, with emphasis given on their level of maturity. Fully operational examples can be used as inspiration for export to other areas.
Located in
Library
/
RBINS Staff Publications 2025
