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Collagen Extraction from Recent and Fossil Bones: Quantitative and Qualitative Aspects
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Type I collagen is the major protein in bones. The mineral matrix protects collagen from denaturation, thus permitting the recovery of large collagen peptides from fossil bones thousands or millions of years old. Collagen peptides are more or less denatured in fossil bones, with diagenetic alteration being the major cause of such denaturation. Classical extraction methods alter the remaining large collagen peptides by extensive solubilization. A method is described here that used shorter collagen solubilization times. Resulting collagen yields are favourably compared with classical methods. The size of the large peptide (10 kDa) fraction improves considerably. Combined with a particular concentration step, the use of this shorter solubilization technique should be useful for collagen analyses that necessitate large peptides, as in the case of palaeoimmunology. © 1995 Academic Press. All rights reserved.
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RBINS Staff Publications
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Collagen stable isotopes provide insights into the end of the mammoth steppe in the central East European plains during the Epigravettian
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Higher δ15N values in bone collagen of mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) compared with coeval large herbivores is a classic trait of the mammoth steppe. An exception applies to the Epigravettian site of Mezhyrich (ca. 18–17.4 ka cal BP) in the central East European plains, where mammoth bones have δ15N values equivalent to or in a lower range than those of horse specimens (Equus sp.). We expanded our preliminary dataset to a larger sampling size of mammoth, other large herbivores, and carnivores from contemporaneous and nearby sites of Buzhanka 2, Eliseevichi, and Yudinovo. The unusual low mammoth δ15N values were confirmed at Buzhanka 2 and for some specimens from Eliseevichi, while most individuals from Yudinovo displayed the expected high δ15N values, meaning similar to those of the large canids. The possibility of a contrast in migration pattern is not supported since the δ34S values, a marker of mobility, do not correlate with the δ15N values of mammoth bone collagen. No clear chronological tendency could be revealed, at least not at the scale of radiocarbon dating. The low range in δ15N values is likely to reflect a change in the specific niche of the mammoth in the southern part of its distribution.
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RBINS Staff Publications 2018
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Collecting and processing living, non-marine Ostracods
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RBINS Staff Publications 2016
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Colourful rivers: archaeobotanical remains of dye plants from urban fluvial deposits in the southern Low Countries (Belgium)
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Although dye plants were a key element in the medieval cloth industry, their use has rarely been documented through archaeobotanical studies. This paper describes and discusses new archaeobotanical finds related to textile dyeing in the southern Low Countries, which was among the most important areas of cloth production and export in Europe during the late medieval period. Remains of weld, madder and woad, the three main medieval dye plant species, were identified via archaeobotanical analysis and high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC-PDA). The remains were found in river deposits, dating between the 10th/12th and 15th century, from two medieval cloth-producing towns, Brussels and Mechelen. Most likely, the finds must be interpreted as waste discarded by textile dyers, which were often concentrated along the urban riverbanks. This study not only documents the use of dye plants in both cities, but also demonstrates the importance of archaeobotanical analyses of fluvial deposits for the reconstruction of artisanal activities within ancient towns. The assemblages are confronted with historic sources and mapped with other medieval remains of dye plants in the region.
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RBINS Staff Publications 2024
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Columns B142dm00 and B142ds00, Rugosa, Dinant Synclinorium, Belgium; Middle and Upper Devonian
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RBINS Staff Publications 2016
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Columns R410dm00 and R410ds00, Dinant Synclinorium, south side; column R411ds00, Philipeville Massif; columns R412dm00 and R412ds00, Dinant Synclinorium, north side & Vesdre Massif, Belgium; regional lithostratigraphy, Middle and Upper Devonian
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RBINS Staff Publications 2016
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Combined Hybridization Capture and Shotgun Sequencing for Ancient DNA Analysis of Extinct Wild and Domestic Dromedary Camel
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RBINS Staff Publications
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Combined land surface emissivity and temperature estimation from Landsat 8 OLI and TIRS
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Remote sensing of Land Surface Temperature (LST) generally requires atmospheric parameters and the emissivity (∊) of the target to be estimated. The atmospheric up- and downwelling radiances and transmittance can be accurately modelled using radiative transfer models and profiles of relative humidity and temperature, either measured by radiosonde probes or retrieved from assimilating weather models. The estimation of ∊ is a large source of uncertainty in the resulting LST product, and there are various approaches using multi-angle observations, multispectral optical or multispectral thermal infrared imagery. In this paper, the estimation of LST from the Thermal InfraRed Sensor (TIRS) on board Landsat 8 is evaluated using more than 6 years of in situ temperature measurements from a network of 14 Autonomous Weather Stations (AWS) in Belgium. ∊ is estimated from concomitant atmospherically corrected imagery from the Operational Land Imager (OLI) using two new neural network approaches trained on ECOSTRESS spectra, and an established NDVI based method. Results are compared to using ∊=1 and the ASTER Global Emissivity Dataset. LST retrievals from L8/TIRS perform well for all emissivity data sources for 500 matchups with AWS subsoil temperature measurements: Mean Differences 0.8–3.7 K and unbiased Root Mean Squared Differences of 2.9–3.5 K for both B10 and B11. The use of unity emissivity gives the best results in terms of MD (0.8 K) and unb-RMSD (3 K). Similar ranges of unb-RMSD are found for 500 matchups with broadband radiometer temperatures (2.6–3.1 K), that have lower absolute MD values (−2.2–0.6 K). For the radiometer temperatures, both the neural net approaches gave lowest MD, in the best case ±0.1 K. The present investigation can hence recommend the neural nets to derive ∊ for the retrieval of LST over the AWS in Belgium. Using published matchup results from other authors however, no single source of ∊ data performed better than ∊=1, but this could be due to their low number of matchups. Further efforts for estimating representative pixel average emissivities are needed, and establishing a denser in situ measurement network over varied land use, with rather homogeneous land cover within a TIRS pixel, may aid further validation of a per pixel and per scene ∊ estimates from multispectral imagery. AWS data seems valuable for evaluation of satellite LST, with the advantage of a much lower cost and higher potential matchup density compared to conventional radiometers.
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RBINS Staff Publications 2020
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Combining mitochondrial DNA and morphological data to delineate four new millipede species and provisional assignment to the genus Apeuthes Hoffman & Keeton (Diplopoda : Spirobolida : Pachybolidae : Trigoniulinae)
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RBINS Staff Publications 2022 OA
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Comment on “Paleoecology and paleobiogeography of Paleocene ostracods in Dineigil area, South Western Desert, Egypt.” By Youssef et al., Journal of African Earth Sciences, 131 (2017) 62-70
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RBINS Staff Publications 2020
