Belgium represents a key region for studying the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition (MUPT) in North-West Europe. This area sits at the crossroads between Palaeolithic cultural facies with influences from eastern, western and southern Europe intermingling during the Late Middle Palaeolithic and the MUPT. Until recently, a temporal gap believed to be around 4ka (ca 42-38 ky calBP) existed between the Late Mousterian and the earliest dated Aurignacian settlements in the region [1, 2]. The dates obtained on Neanderthal remains from Spy fell into this gap, making them the latest Neanderthals in the region [3]. Including the dates from Spy, a gap of two millennia remained between the dates on Neanderthals and the beginning of the Aurignacian. Based on this chronological evidence, the transition from Neanderthals to Anatomically Modern Humans (AMH) in this region was believed to have been without contact between species. AMH would have settled in an area Neanderthals abandoned long before. As part of the PalaeoChron project, we have redated the Neanderthal specimens from Spy (tooth, maxilla and scapula), Engis 2 (skull and tooth) and Fond-de-Forêt (femur), using the compound specific radiocarbon dating method in place at the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit. This method is based on the extraction of the amino acid hydroxyproline that occurs in mammalian collagen using preparative liquid chromatography. This method is more efficient than others in eliminating modern carbon contamination such as conservation materials. In this presentation, we report the new radiocarbon dates obtained on the Belgian Neanderthal specimens. These results show how much impact sample preparation can have on the AMS measurement when specimens have been heavily preserved with conservation materials, which is often the case for human remains. These results also now place the Belgian Neanderthal remains from Spy, Engis and Fond-de-Forêt in their proper chronometric context and allow us to refine our understanding of the disappearance of Neanderthals in north-western Europe and integrate this with other evidence for the human occupation of this region during the Palaeolithic.
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RBINS Staff Publications 2019
Les coquillages marins apparaissent régulièrement dans les fouilles archéologiques en Flandre, à Bruxelles et en Wallonie. Il s’agit principalement de moules (Mytilus edulis) et d’huîtres (Ostrea edulis), mais d’autres espèces, bien que plus rares, sont également présentes. Ces vestiges sont fréquemment mentionnés dans les rapports et publications archéozoologiques, souvent en tant que simples compléments aux restes de mammifères, oiseaux et poissons, mais ils reçoivent rarement une attention spécifique. Pourtant, leur présence offre des pistes de réflexions intéressantes concernant les échanges économiques, les habitudes alimentaires, ou encore le statut social des consommateurs. Cette présentation propose un survol chronologique des découvertes de coquillages marins dans les contextes archéologiques belges. En replaçant ces données dans leur contexte culturel et géographique, nous tenterons de mieux comprendre la place de ces produits marins dans les sociétés passées au cours du temps.
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RBINS Staff Publications 2025
