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Inproceedings Reference Beyond the current limits of Raman Spectroscopy: controlling fluorescence in solid bitumen with low thermal maturity
Raman spectroscopy is an interesting tool to assess the thermal maturity of solid organic matter. For carbonaceous material with moderate to high maturities, several studies have found good correlations between Raman spectral parameters and thermal maturity, expressed as vitrinite reflectance (VR) or bitumen reflectance (BR). However, at low maturities a large part of the Raman peaks is lost under an intense background radiation, caused by fluorescence. This fluorescence problem mainly occurs at 0.4-1.0% VR (the oil window), and makes it difficult to recognize the original spectrum. In this study, Raman parameters that have been put forward in literature were tested on a low maturity, solid bitumen sample of approximately 0.61% BR. The investigated parameters include the peak’s full width at half maximum FWHM, peak position W, peak area A, area ratio AD/AG and intensity ratio ID/IG. Fluorescence in this sample is very high and covers Raman peaks. It was found that during consecutive measurements at a single location (i.e. irradiation with the Raman laser), fluorescence decreases with time and Raman peaks appear. This is in line with Quirico et al. (2005), who observed the same effect at coal measurements. An interesting observation is the behaviour of Raman parameters during ongoing irradiation. The full widths at half maximum do not change at all for every investigated peak in our spectra. Also peak positions remain the same. The peak areas do change with irradiation, and show a decrease with decreasing fluorescence. Comparison of areas under individual peaks and total spectrum area however suggests that A and fluorescence decrease at equal speeds. This is the case for most important Raman peaks at 1370 (D-band), 1600 (G-band) and 3200 cm-1, with correlation coefficients of 0.66, 0.97 and 0.92 respectively. Lastly, the area ratio AD/AG and intensity ratio ID/IG(approximation) show no trend with fluorescence, indicating that the shape of the spectrum remains the same with irradiation. This is a promising result, because it suggests that fluorescence can be controlled without changing spectral parameters. Although not all peak parameters in this study (FWHM and AD/AG) correspond to parameters from literature regarding maturity, the behaviour of the Raman peak parameters in combination with the decreasing fluorescence is an exciting outcome. If further research proves that the original parameters are not altered by irradiation, this will provide an answer to the problem of fluorescence at low maturity samples.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2016
Inproceedings Reference Bilan des données archéobotaniques médiévales en Wallonie
Depuis le printemps 2011, une équipe interdisciplinaire en Bioarchéologie a été créé à l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB). Cette équipe collabore avec le Service Public de Wallonie (SPW) sur l’ensemble des site archéologiques préventifs fouillés en région Wallonne. La majorité des sites étudiés depuis le début de la mise en œuvre de ce nouveau service sont datés de la période médiévale. Bien que depuis de nombreuses années, des études carpologiques et palynologiques ont été menées en Wallonie, elle ont rarement été combinées en interdisciplinarité et publiées. Le but de cette présentation sous forme de poster est d'examiner toutes les données archéobotaniques existantes pour la période médiévale (Haut Moyen Âge, Moyen Âge Central et Bas Moyen Âge) en région Wallonne en y ajoutant celles effectuées récemment par les collaborateurs archéobotanistes de l'Institut (carpologue, anthracologue, palynologue). Ce premier bilan montre une grande hétérogénéité au niveau de la distribution spatiale et temporelle des sites archéologiques ainsi qu’au niveau des études archéobotaniques qui y ont été menées. Cependant, ce travail de synthèse nous donne un premier aperçu de l'état et de la nature de la couverture végétale au cours de cette période de l'histoire. Il permet également d’appréhender, dans les grandes lignes, les espèces végétales exploitées et consommés par les populations médiévales. Enfin, il montre les pistes de recherches à développer et celles à explorer.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications
Article Reference Bioarchaeological research at the Natural History Museum in Brussels
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications
Inproceedings Reference Biodiversité des invertébrés des eaux souterraines du Bénin : ouvrir la voie aux outils d'évaluation et de suivi de la qualité des eaux
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2019
Article Reference Biodiversity and molecular phylogeny - ostracods from ancient lakes
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications
Article Reference Biodiversity and phylogeny of ostracods from ancient lakes
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications
Inproceedings Reference Biodiversity and seasonal abundance of ticks (Ixodina) parasitizing domestic pigs slaughtered at the IAT (Kisangani, DRC)
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2023 OA
Unpublished Reference BIODIVERSITY BASELINES IN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2017
Inproceedings Reference Biodiversity changes in African forests and the emergence of infectious diseases: Should we worry?
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2023 OA
Article Reference Biodiversity hotspots of recent freshwater Ostracoda in Brazil
Brazil occupies almost half of the surface area of South America and covers different climatic zones, which leads to great ecological diversifications, forming distinct biogeographical areas or biomes. This reflects the megadiversity of Brazilian flora and fauna, including the high level of endemism. A literature review in 1994 recorded 260 species in 53 genera of recent non-marine ostracods from the South America (MARTENS & BEHEN, 1994). Of these, 91 species in 32 genera occurred in Brazil according to a 1998 checklist (MARTENS et al., 1998). Here, we present the results of recent inventories of freshwater ostracods from Brazil, including an overview of the geographical distribution of species. The expeditions of the PELD (Long-term Ecological Research Program in the Upper Paraná River Floodplain) and SISBIOTA (National Biodiversity Research System program - carried out in four Brazilian floodplains), increased these numbers to 133 species in 41 genera, including the descriptions of 31 new species in nine new genera (e.g. FERREIRA et al., 2020; ALMEIDA et al., 2023). The highest richness of ostracods has been found in the Atlantic Forest biome, which includes the upper Paraná River floodplain. The Amazon biome, where the Amazon floodplain is located, had the lowest diversity of ostracods but has also received much less attention in recent decades: the upper Paraná River floodplain has almost continuously been monitored since 2004, while only two (2011 and 2012), relatively short, collecting trips have been made in the Amazon floodplain. Thus, these results emphasize the relevance of long-term biodiversity monitoring studies. In addition, our results show that there is still little knowledge about the biodiversity of Brazilian ostracods, given that extensive areas remain unexplored.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2024