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Inproceedings Reference Sawflies containing toxic peptides
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2022 OA
Inproceedings Reference Cranial morphology of Khirtharia inflata (Raoellidae, Artiodactyla)
Raoellidae are extinct small-sized semiaquatic artiodactyls that are the closest relatives to crown clade Cetacea. They display morphological features showing the transition between terrestrial and aquatic lifestyles and therefore bring crucial information to understand the earliest steps of cetacean evolution. Raoellid cranial morphology, including the ear region and endocranial morphology, has been documented using cranial remains referred to Indohyus indirae from the Kalakot area, Jammu and Kashmir in India. The study of these specimens highlighted that several cetacean features are already present in raoellids. The previously available Indohyus material was very deformed, preventing access to quantitative data and leading to potential misinterpretations. We describe new undeformed cranial material from the Kalakot area, documenting another raoellid species, Khirtharia inflata. The new observations allow us to complete our knowledge of raoellid cranial morphology, including the original shape of the cranium and brain endocast and to confirm the specificities of raoellid morphology within Artiodactyla. We further provide the first quantitative data for the different brain components and show that Raoellidae had low encephalization and neocorticalization values, much lower than cetaceans and close to early diverging, primitive, dichobunoid artiodactyls. Reconstruction of the blood sinuses above the cerebellum supports the previous “intraosseous” hypothesis about the initial steps of the development of the caudal venous rete mirabile in cetaceans. The presence of several cetacean cranial features in Raoellidae, such as the peculiar shape of the frontal, the strong postorbital constriction, the periotic involucrum, or the elongation of the olfactory bulbs, questions the definition of the Cetacea clade.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2023 OA
Inproceedings Reference Impact of macrofaunal activities on the biogeochemical cycling in anthropogenically disturbed sediment
Marine coastal areas are important for the ecosystem functioning because they provide a wealth of goods and services. Hence, it is a major challenge nowadays to understand and predict how human activities will affect marine sediment communities, benthic biogeochemical cycling and the link between them. It is known that bioturbation activities affect the ecosystem functioning. In this study, we are going one step further by studying biogeochemical cycling in a range of natural sediment and disturbed sediment, and by assessing the contribution of macrofaunal activities (bioturbation and bio-irrigation) to the ecosystem cycling. We conducted closed-core incubations of sediment sampled along a gradient from fine to coarse sediments, including sediments subjected to fining. Nutrients and oxygen concentration were followed by sampling the overlying water every 2 hours. Bio- and physical irrigation has been quantified by adding a bromide tracer to the overlying water and following the decreasing concentration over time. At the end of the incubation, the sediment was sieved and the organisms retrieved to calculate the bioturbation potential of the community (BPc). With those data, we will estimate the total flux of degradable organic carbon deposited at the sediment surface, its degradation rate and transformation, and the nitrification/denitrification rates. The aim is to assess the effect of fining and the effect of bioturbation and bio irrigation on benthic ecosystem functioning. The research plan and the preliminary results will be reported.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2017
Inproceedings Reference How do macrofaunal activities impact biogeochemical cycling in anthropogenically disturbed sediment?
Marine coastal areas are important for ecosystem functioning because they provide a wealth of goods and services. Hence, it is a major challenge nowadays to understand and predict how human activities will affect marine sediment communities, benthic biogeochemical cycling and the link between them. In this study, we investigate biogeochemical fluxes and the contribution of macrofaunal activities (bioturbation and bio-irrigation) in sediment ranging from muddy to coarse, including two coarse sediment stations affected by human activity (installation of an offshore windfarm and aggregate extraction). For each station, we conducted triplicate closed-core incubations to measure oxygen, nutrients and DIC fluxes as well as bioirrigation rates by following the decreasing concentration of bromide in the water column over time. After the incubation, the macrofaunal community was identified and the bioturbation potential of the community calculated (BPc). Our results show the highest Sediment Community Oxygen Consumption (SCOC) in a fine sandy station inhabited by an abundant bioirrigating and bioturbating macrofaunal community and characterized by relatively high organic matter content. In the muddy station, the SCOC was 4 times lower and the DIC efflux much higher than the SCOC reflecting anaerobic mineralization processes happening in absence of bioirrigators. Within the coarse sediment stations characterized by poor organic matter content and inhabited by a limited macrofaunal community, the undisturbed station shows the highest irrigation rates associated with moderate SCOC and DIC efflux. In the disturbed stations, irrigation rate, SCOC and DIC efflux were low suggesting that physical disturbance decreases the efficiency of mineralization processes in coarse sediments. The overall results show that irrigation of the sediment affects biogeochemical cycling along a range of coastal sediments.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2017
Inproceedings Reference Towards investigating the effect of fining and hardening of marine coastal areas on ecosystem functioning in the Belgian part of the North Sea (BPNS)
Sediments and the inhabiting macrofauna play an important role in the functioning of coastal marine environments. Human activities in these environments result in two obvious pressures on the sediment: hardening from the installation of offshore wind farms (OWF) and fining in the vicinity of sand extraction sites and in OWF. This study is part of the FaCE-It project and aims at understanding the impacts of those pressures on biogeochemical cycling and on the food web structure. In order to understand benthic ecosystem functioning in different types of sediment, we will measure nutrient fluxes in closed-core incubations sampled along a gradient from fine to coarse sediments, including sediments subjected to fining. Bio- and physical irrigation will be quantified by adding a bromide tracer to the overlying water and following the decreasing concentration over time. With those data, we will estimate the total flux of degradable organic carbon deposited at the sediment surface, its degradation rate and transformation and assess the effect of bioturbation and bio irrigation on benthic ecosystem functioning. Along the same sediment gradient, we will study the macrobenthic food web using stable isotope analysis. Furthermore, the overall food web will be investigated at 3 stations characterized by fine sediment, coarse sediment and an OWF to compare the food web complexity in areas with and without OWFs. These data will finally be used to build a quantitative food web using linear inverse modelling (LIM). To constrain this model, individual respiration rate measurements and pulse chase experiments will be conducted. This combined approach will allow assessing the effect of fining and hardening of marine coastal areas on important ecological processes on the scale of the BPNS.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2016
Inproceedings Reference Contextualising skeletal analyses: combining burial context and paleodemographic data to study the social composition on St.Rombout's cemetery, Mechelen (10th-18th centuries AD)
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2022
Inproceedings Reference Influence of an urbanization gradient on the vertical stratification of arboreal ants in green areas
EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT TAXONOMIC LEVELS AS SURROGATES OF ANT DIVERSITY IN GREEN AREAS IN AN URBANIZED ENVIRONMENT E. B. A. KOCH1, T. S. MELO2,3,4, A. R. S. ANDRADE2,3, M. LEPONCE5 & J. H. C. DELABIE2,4 1Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), CEP: 44.036-900 - Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil, e-mail: elmoborges@gmail.com; 2Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; 3Centro de Ecologia e Conservação Animal, Universidade Católica do Salvador (UCSal), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; 4Laboratório de Mirmecologia, Convênio Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC)/Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira (CEPLAC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil; 5Biodiversity Monitoring & Assessment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Bruxelas, Belgium. In cities located in environments of high biological importance, urbanization leads to changes in biotic diversity, while monitoring these changes can be difficult. Studies have pointed to the use of metrics that replace species as an alternative. Surrogate models are easily determined measures of biodiversity that correlate strongly with species richness and with what you want to investigate, being useful for detecting or monitoring environmental changes. The use of higher taxonomic levels has been applied to groups of megadiverse organisms, such as arthropods, since difficulties in identifying species are predictable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the practicality of using taxonomic diversity of ants as a surrogate of green area coverage in an urban environment. Four levels of "surrogate resolutions" (subfamily, genus, indicator taxa, and intermediate resolution) were assessed to the taxonomic diversity of ants across three levels of urban green areas (Small = 0 to 35%
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2023
Inproceedings Reference Importance of green area rate nesting site and exotic species on native ants in an urban environment
EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT TAXONOMIC LEVELS AS SURROGATES OF ANT DIVERSITY IN GREEN AREAS IN AN URBANIZED ENVIRONMENT E. B. A. KOCH1, T. S. MELO2,3,4, A. R. S. ANDRADE2,3, M. LEPONCE5 & J. H. C. DELABIE2,4 1Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), CEP: 44.036-900 - Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil, e-mail: elmoborges@gmail.com; 2Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; 3Centro de Ecologia e Conservação Animal, Universidade Católica do Salvador (UCSal), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; 4Laboratório de Mirmecologia, Convênio Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC)/Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira (CEPLAC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil; 5Biodiversity Monitoring & Assessment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Bruxelas, Belgium. In cities located in environments of high biological importance, urbanization leads to changes in biotic diversity, while monitoring these changes can be difficult. Studies have pointed to the use of metrics that replace species as an alternative. Surrogate models are easily determined measures of biodiversity that correlate strongly with species richness and with what you want to investigate, being useful for detecting or monitoring environmental changes. The use of higher taxonomic levels has been applied to groups of megadiverse organisms, such as arthropods, since difficulties in identifying species are predictable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the practicality of using taxonomic diversity of ants as a surrogate of green area coverage in an urban environment. Four levels of "surrogate resolutions" (subfamily, genus, indicator taxa, and intermediate resolution) were assessed to the taxonomic diversity of ants across three levels of urban green areas (Small = 0 to 35%
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2023
Inproceedings Reference Evaluation of different taxonomic levels as surrogates of ant diversity in green areas in an urbanized environment
EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT TAXONOMIC LEVELS AS SURROGATES OF ANT DIVERSITY IN GREEN AREAS IN AN URBANIZED ENVIRONMENT E. B. A. KOCH1, T. S. MELO2,3,4, A. R. S. ANDRADE2,3, M. LEPONCE5 & J. H. C. DELABIE2,4 1Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), CEP: 44.036-900 - Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil, e-mail: elmoborges@gmail.com; 2Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; 3Centro de Ecologia e Conservação Animal, Universidade Católica do Salvador (UCSal), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; 4Laboratório de Mirmecologia, Convênio Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC)/Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira (CEPLAC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil; 5Biodiversity Monitoring & Assessment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Bruxelas, Belgium. In cities located in environments of high biological importance, urbanization leads to changes in biotic diversity, while monitoring these changes can be difficult. Studies have pointed to the use of metrics that replace species as an alternative. Surrogate models are easily determined measures of biodiversity that correlate strongly with species richness and with what you want to investigate, being useful for detecting or monitoring environmental changes. The use of higher taxonomic levels has been applied to groups of megadiverse organisms, such as arthropods, since difficulties in identifying species are predictable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the practicality of using taxonomic diversity of ants as a surrogate of green area coverage in an urban environment. Four levels of "surrogate resolutions" (subfamily, genus, indicator taxa, and intermediate resolution) were assessed to the taxonomic diversity of ants across three levels of urban green areas (Small = 0 to 35%
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2023
Article Reference New Neandertal fossils from Trou Magrite, Belgium, and their contribution to our understanding of Neandertal diversity
Belgium has yielded an exceptional Neandertal fossil record that has played a major role in Neandertal studies since the 19th century. Here we present the outcome of a new multidisciplinary project that aimed at re-assessing the skeletal collections from the Belgian site of Trou Magrite. This site yielded rich archeological assemblages spanning from the Middle and Upper Paleolithic to the Mesolithic, Neolithic, and Iron Age. We revised the already known human collection, conducted a systematic sorting of the faunal material, and combined the use of morphometrics, taphonomy, stable isotopes, dating, and genetic analyses to perform taxonomic and chronocultural identifications. This resulted in the identification of two new Neandertal fossils among the faunal material excavated in the 19th century: an upper right permanent canine representing an adult individual, and the left femur diaphysis of a ca. 8-10-month-old infant. We will present the biological characteristics and mitochondrial DNA phylogenetic position of the Trou Magrite Neandertals, in particular with regard to the other Northern European Neandertals. Our project adds a ninth site to the list of Belgian sites that have yielded Neandertal fossils, and emphasizes the existence of a low genetic diversity among Late Neandertals, which is to be compared to their significant behavioral (mortuary and technical) variability. As such, Belgian Neandertals continue to contribute significantly to our understanding of the population processes that resulted in the disappearance of this group. This research was funded by the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences of CSUN and the CSUN Competition for Research, Scholarship and Creative Activity Awards.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2020