Search publications of the members of the Royal Belgian institute of natural Sciences
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The Halomonhystera disjuncta population is homogeneous across the Håkon Mosby mud volcano (Barents Sea) but is genetically differentiated from its shallow-water relatives
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A critique of Rossberg et al.: noise obscures the genetic signal of meiobiotal ecospecies in ecogenomic datasets
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Synthesis DGD-RBINS programme 2008-2012
- Executive summary At the demand of DGD and Belspo, a synthesis of the programme DGD-RBINS for the period 208-2012 has been made in August-September 2013 in order to inform the steering committee in view of the activity programme 2014-2018. After a short introduction explaining the five specific objectives of the DGD-RBINS programme 2008-2012 and the general architecture of the programme, generic characteristics of the interventions are provided. The self-assessment (full text in annex) for the period 2008-2011 is summarised per component of the programme for performance indicators, strengths and weaknesses, lessons learned and recommendations. Trends over the period 2008-2012 for indicators, output and financial means are explained. A SWOT analysis is provided, followed by conclusions. The self-assessment highlighted the many strengths of the project, especially the small-scale tailor-made and personal approach and high dedication of staff, project promoters, and trainees, as well as the quality output, as expressed in numbers of projects, trainings and trainees, workshops, upgraded web sites, international meetings, graduates, experimental plots, digitalised and disseminated archives and publications. Also the points of attention to be taken towards the next strategy period are highlighted. E.g. the low computer and English literacy in RD Congo, the need for more field workshops in the context of habitat monitoring in RDC and elsewhere, the need to continue organising regional CHM meetings and to promote distance learning, the optimisation of data recording and other procedures for the programme and the need to improve the editing and dissemination processes of AbcTaxa. Meanwhile this last has been remediated. There is the urgency to remain at the spear point of internationally accepted recognised capacity building practices, to improve the visibility of the project and of the interventions, to enhance communication about the link between biodiversity and other environmental themes, and to optimise the use of indicators in a result based management approach.
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Annual plan 2014 Cebios programme
- Introduction 2014: the first year of the new strategy 2014-2023 The year 2014 is the first year of the new strategy 2014-2023 and the new work programme of the first 5 year plan 2014-2018. It is also the first year starting on 1 January and ending on 31 December, instead of the period April-March. The 2013 programme helped facilitating the transition towards the new vision inscribed in the coming ten year strategy for 2014-2023. The year 2014 is earmarked with a budget of 1,105,683 €. As in previous years, we will continue our training, networking and institutional strengthening activities on biodiversity and sustainable development. We will also strive to bring about changes in mind-sets, in RBINS and our partners, to integrate the guiding principles of the new five year framework programme for 2014-2018, such as more result-based management, a more explicit link to ecosystem services and poverty reduction and sustainable development inscribed in the Belgian development cooperation. For example, formulation missions are planned in 2014 for the institutional cooperation with Bénin and Burundi and eventually Peru. Concerning DR Congo, the cooperation with the ICCN and the national CHM will be strengthened in cooperation with local universities, and we intend to participate in the conference of the ‘Centre de Surveillance de la Biodiversité’ (CSB), organised in June 2014 in Kisangani (RD Congo), on condition of sufficient security. These are good occasions for the new coordinator to get acquainted with the programme in the field. As the world celebrated last year the 20 years of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, also known as the Rio Earth Summit (Rio+20, June 2012), it is clear that the longstanding challenges remain unabated. Although some poverty indicators show improvement, the positive evolution has been unequal and insufficient. Backed by scientific knowledge, we are convinced that both phenomena, poverty and biodiversity loss, are closely linked and both need to be addressed jointly. By doing so, we strive at being recognised as a centre of excellence in this field. The year 2014 will certainly see a surge in the global preparations for the formulation of the post 2015 Millennium development goals (MDGs) into the Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs), taking into account the lessons learned for formulating new goals. In 2014, as in previous years, it is our intention to contribute to the reduction of poverty and to ensure a sustainable economic and social development within the partner countries of the Belgian cooperation by meeting new targets for the conservation of biodiversity and the safeguarding of the ecosystem services it delivers. The new programme components defined and presented in the new ten year strategy 2014-2023, will be implemented from this year onwards. Six specific objectives are programmed: 1. To strengthen the scientific and technical knowledge base on biodiversity and on its linkages with ecosystem services and poverty reduction. This specific objective includes the interventions under the 8 Global Taxonomy Initiative (GTI) and the biodiversity inventories, monitoring and assessments’ (IMAB); 2. To enhance the information base on these issues and on associated governance processes. This includes information networks (Clearing House Mechanism (CHM)); 3. To raise awareness and communicate on the importance of biodiversity and ecosystem services for poverty reduction and sustainable development, and on associated governance processes. This component is new. This specific objective was formerly part of the component involving the work on the CHM, but now was created with a separate budget line, given its priority in the strategy. 4. To improve the mainstreaming of biodiversity and ecosystem services in policy sectors that have a high relevance for development. This component includes both the participation to scientific, technical and political processes, as well as providing training to different stakeholders in Belgium and in a latter stadium in the South (e.g. NGOs, embassies, BTC). 5. To improve the knowledge on the measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) of policy choices and activities linked to biodiversity and ecosystem services. This component is new as well and needs to be further worked out. One important feature will be to make the link between scientific knowledge and the development of national indicators in developing countries, both for their own National Biodiversity Strategic plans as their national Biodiversity Reports. 6. To raise awareness on, and build capacities for, the implementation of the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing. This component is new and will gain momentum with increasing pressure for the parties to sign and ratify the Protocol. The stand of countries having ratified this treaty in February 2014 stays at 29 parties, all developing countries, plus Norway. The EU will ratify in one movement at the end of 2014. Most of the former activities under the GTI and CHM will be consolidated, by focusing primarily on existing partnerships and projects. IMAB activities will be increased through the consolidation of the partnership with the ‘Institut National pour l’Environnement et la Conservation de la Nature’ (INECN) in Burundi and the launching of a new partnership with Benin with the ‘Université Calavi-Abomey’ which will try to provide answers to questions about conservation of biodiversity and management of bush fire and pastoralism asked by the ‘Centre National de Gestion des Réserves de Faune (CENAGREF)’. These two partnerships will give more opportunities for the integration of an ‘ecosystem services’ angle to research activities. Our scientific support to policy issues will continue and intensify. We will devote time, through intense collaboration with D2.4, for the identification and preparation of activities aiming at the enhanced mainstreaming of biodiversity issues in the Belgian Development Cooperation. In the year 2014, one WIGRI meeting is programmed, as well as SBSTTA 18 and COP 12. Staff will attend as much as possible to these meetings as part of the Belgian delegation and in order to be informed on and influence the national and global agendas. Other working groups or platforms will also retain the necessary attention such as the ENVIRONET initiative of the OECD-DAC, the SDSN network and the working group on the Dehadrun-Chennai recommendations on the link biodiversity-poverty reduction organised by the CBD secretariat. A new scientist should be recruited at the beginning of 2014 in order to support the implementation of all specific objectives and more specifically the specific objectives 3, 5 and 6 (see above). Moreover, the DGD-unit plans to produce its own website in order to increase its visibility and 9 transparency. Within RBINS, the DGD-RBINS programme will seek to embed its strategy in the strategic action plan of the newly created operational direction ‘Nature’, an dactively participate in the newly created policy support group ‘BIOPOLS’, grouping the DGD-RBINS programme, the National Focal Point on Biological Diversity, the Belgian Platform for Biodiversity and Marine policy. Obviously, the 20 Aichi targets set out at COP10 remain the main framework for the implementation of our strategy until 2020. The first annex of the present document presents the logical framework for the period 2014-2018. The second annex presents the operational plans for each of the components for the year 2014. The budget is outlined on pg 10. Concerning he structure of the present document, after the programme overview, the budget and a list of partners, each of the 6 specific objectives is described in detail. The logframe (complete, see annex 1) is for five years, but the activities for the year 2014 are explained in the narrative
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DGD-RBINS multi-annual plan 2014-2018
- INTRODUCTION In December 2012 a new 10 year strategy (2014-2023) of the DGD-RBINS pluri-annual programme (in the text also: ‘DGD-programme’ or DGD-unit) on capacity building for Biodiversity has been approved by the Steering Committee. The strategy contains a general objective, 6 specific objectives, and 16 expected results. In June 2013 the relevant Minister accepted this approval for a strategy of 10 years, divided into two phases of 5 years, with an indicative budget of 6 M EURO for the first phase of five years, (on condition of budget approval). In September 2013, a workshop was held on Project Cycle Management for the RBINS-team, reviewing the main activities and indicators. This document presents the programme for the first phase of 5 years (2014-2018), with special attention to the objectives and outcome and their indicators in an approach of result-based management. This programme is based on the results of a self-assessment, done in the previous period covering 2007-2012 and a synthesis of that period (available on demand). The complete logical framework, operational plans, the budget and a list of institutional partners are given in annex (1-4). The linkages between the specific objectives of the DGD-RBINS pluri-annual plan and the Aïchi targets (COP 10) are listed in annex 5. A more detailed description at the level of activities will be outlined in the annual plans 2014-2018. Finally the embedding of the DGD-RBINS pluri-annual programme into the strategic action plan of the recently created operational Direction ‘Nature’ of RBINS is explained in the short- (2014-2015), mid-(2016-2018) and long-term (2018-2023) perspective as shown in annex 6. As an introduction, some elements of the strategic framework, (part III of the strategic plan 2014-2023), are presented in order to list the general and specific objectives, the links with the international context, global results and intended impacts. Then the programme design, outcome and budget are presented. Finally each of the 6 specific objectives (SO) is worked out in more detail. Compared with the previous strategy (2008-2012), the budget increased with ca. 36%, the specific objectives were expanded and 3 new specific objectives were added (Specific objective 3 on awareness raising, SO5 on ‘Measuring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) of biodiversity interventions and SO6 on the Protocol of Nagoya). On condition of budget approval and in order to fulfil the additional requirements of the new strategy, a scientist shall be recruited by the beginning of 2014. The DGD-RBINS pluri-annual programme adopts two approaches: (A) institutional strengthening through capacity development and (B) a grants programme through competitive calls, both dedicated to biodiversity and poverty eradication The programme focuses on the biodiversity of terrestrial (tropical forest, dry and highland forests, savannahs, grasslands), and aquatic ecosystems (marine and wetlands). 9 | P a g e As promoted by the Paris Declaration, the Agenda of Accra and Busan 1 on improved efficiency of development cooperation (with special emphasis on ownership, harmonisation, alignment and mutual accountability), it is important to link (synergies), align and harmonise our projects to similar or complementary initiatives, whether in Belgium (e.g. bilateral, delegated or scientific cooperation undertaken by DGD or BELSPO) or other European and international actors (e.g. the International Foundation for Science, IFS, Sweden2). Such synergies will be essential for the quality of generation of results that can have a real impact on development policies and good governance related to the conservation and the promotion of biodiversity as promulgated by the Aïchi targets. Moreover, the implementation of the strategy should contribute to the post 2015 Sustainable Development Goals, as well as the Belgian efforts for climate change mitigation and adaptation in the developing world. The DGD-unit at RBINS aims at becoming an excellence centre about the link between biodiversity policy, conservation and management, the sustainable use of ecosystem services and sustainable development with a particular focus on poverty reduction and eradication, through capacity building and research. Its web site will be updated and refreshed in order to increase (i) visibility, (ii) transparency, (iii) information sharing with all stakeholders and (iv) information sharing with the broader public. Due to the recent restructuration at RBINS (2013), the DGD-unit has become part of the Operational Direction “Natural Environments”. The National Focal Point on the Convention for Biodiversity (CBD) and the Belgian Platform for Biodiversity are housed at RBINS as well. This brings possibilities of synergies between these three units within RBINS and beyond. In order to remain at the spear point of the latest developments, the DGD-programme needs to be evaluated on a regular basis (mid- and end of term). The preparations for these evaluations will take place during the years 4 and 10-11 (to be developed in the second phase), and the implementation of the evaluations will take place in respectively years 4-5 and 10-11. The DGD-unit will seek to promote research on the link between biodiversity conservation, policies and 1 http://www.oecd.org/dac/effectiveness/thehighlevelforaonaideffectivenessahistory.htm: he formulation of a set of principles for effective aid - now adhered to by over 100 countries as the blueprint for maximising the impact of aid - grew out of a need to understand why aid was not producting the development results everyone wanted to see and to step up efforts to meet the ambitious targets set by the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). These principles are rooted in continuous efforts to improve the delivery of aid, marked by three notable events: the High Level Fora on Aid Effectiveness in Rome, Paris, Accra and Busan in 2003, 2005 and 2008, and 2011 respectively. 2 www.ifs.se Almost ¾ of the programme is dedicated to Africa. Half of the earmarked budget for institutional strengthening through capacity development in Africa is dedicated to DR Congo. Concerning capacities for research and habitat monitoring related to biodiversity and poverty eradication, the DGD-RBINS pluri-annual programme mainly supports institutional strengthening in DR Congo, Burundi, Benin, Peru and Vietnam. 10 | P a g e sustainable development and poverty alleviation in order to develop relevant indicators, but also solutions by and for the partner countries. Integration of poverty eradication plans into national biodiversity strategies and, vice-versa, of biodiversity plans into national development plans will be more and more applied in the developing countries. The DGD-RBINS pluri-annual programme contributes to these processes, a.o. through participation in the mixed commissions for the preparation of the Indicative Development Cooperation Plans (IDCP). By doing so, the programme adheres as much as possible to the local processes of needs analysis. One new feature in the programme is the support of pilot projects in the South that will enable our partners to feed biodiversity monitoring data into national indicator processes. It will be important to valorise the work carried out by our partners who are involved in biodiversity monitoring studies, so that their data can be useful for, and used in, current indicator processes on the status of biodiversity. Sound baselines and measurements of biodiversity are needed to be able to provide meaningful trends. To enable our partners to contribute to these indicator processes, training and dedicated follow-up will be required to ensure the quality of the produced data. Mainstreaming of, and training about biodiversity issues in the sector of cooperation, but also at local governance levels will gain importance in the coming years. The Pro tocol of Nagoya will retain particular attention in that respect, as it will become a global instrument to accede and use genetic resources and derived products in a more sustainable and equitable way, once the parties, also Belgium ratify it (expected during 2014).
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DGD-RBINS report 2013
- Highlights 2013: Junction Year In 2013 we developed the new five year programme 2014-2018 within the strategic vision 2014-2023. At the same time, the existing cooperation protocol between DGD and RBINS has been rewritten and put into a different format, with as signatories the ministers of cooperation and science policy. The 2013 programme helped facilitate the transition towards the new vision inscribed in the coming framework programme for 2014-2018. As in previous years, we continued our training, networking and institutional strengthening activities on biodiversity linked to sustainable development. But we also strived to bring about changes in mind-sets, in RBINS and our partners, to integrate the guiding principles of the next framework programme, being a more institutional and integrated approach and more attention towards ecosystem services and the link to poverty. This is also the last year starting in April and ending in March of the following year. The next annual programmes will follow calendar years. It is also the last year following the five axes GTI, IMAB, CHM, POL and COORD. From 2014 onwards, the 6 new strategic objectives (Science, Information, Awareness, Policy, MRV, Nagoya Protocol) will provide a new structure in response to new challenges and priorities. In May 2013, the vacant position of coordinator of the DGD project was taken up by Dr. Luc Janssens de Bisthoven, succeeding Dr. Anne Franklin. The DGD-RBINS programme is now part of the newly created operational Directorate ‘Nature’, with operational director Dr. Patrick Roose, and actively involved in several new committees such as CFC (committee of functional chiefs) and BIOPOLS (Biodiversity Policy Service). BIOPOLS is regrouping the National Focal Point CBD, marine policy, the Belgian Biodiversity Platform and Conservation Biology of RBINS. The team was involved in the formulation of the new strategic action plan of the OD, including the making of a SWOT-analysis and a synthesis of the past five years. The team also participated in several rounds of preparation at BELSPO for the formulation of the new BRAIN calls of 2014, a consultation about European research networks in Africa and the conference ‘Conservation Research Matters’ conference, organised by the Belgian Biodiversity Platform. The team was also instrumental for the cooperation between BELSPO and the International Foundation for Science (www.ifs.se ) by suggesting an adequate modus operandi, and trying to create links towards the new institutional cooperation with Bénin. Concerning the internal management, we further optimized some administrative processes such as insurances, contracts, equipment donations, and we obtained a free waiver for taxes concerning export of small material to developing countries from the Ministry of Finance. The team was trained in Project Cycle Management in order to fulfil the expectations to work in a result based management approach. In order to increase transparency, visibility, networking and interaction, we are working on an own website which will go online in 2014. Policy work was carried out in the framework of Sustainable Development Solutions Network (http://unsdsn.org/), with participation in the global brainstorming to develop new Sustainable deveopment Goals (SDGs) which will replace the MDGs in 2015, and which were the central theme at 6 | P a g e the ‘assises for cooperation’ organised by DGD in May 2013. Similarly, we were involved with DGD in the ENVIRONET project of OECD (http://www.oecd.org/dac/environment-development/ aboutusenviron et.htm ) for a scoping paper on biodiversity and development. Also the participation to the Chennai recommendations on biodiversity and development towards WIGRI5 and COP12 (2014) was an important policy activity in 2013 (mentioned in ‘Science connect’ nr. 43), next to being part of the Belgian delegation at SBSSTA17. The team contributed to the peer review of many policy documents at European and Belgian level, the three main being the EU position on the Nagoya protocol, the National Strategy and Action Plan for Biodiversity and the National Report on Biodiversity. As steps towards a new approach in the programme to be more involved in the East African region, we supported, on invitation of Prof. Dirk Verschuren (UGent) a workshop in Naivasha, organised by Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS), Kenya, on soda lakes, by financing the participation of community leaders in order to facilitate scientific knowledge transfer to the local communities. The protocol of Nagoya, meanwhile ratified by Kenya, was also an important point of discussion. Further, we made the first steps to start some cooperation with VVOB in D.R. Congo on raising awareness for biodiversity at the level of professional schools in agro-forestry. This resulted into a workshop involving both the education stakeholders of VVOB and the biodiversity stakeholders of RBINS at ministerial and focal point level, financed by VVOB. Our interventions are being amplified with the consolidation of institutional partnerships with the ‘Institut National pour l’Environnement et la Conservation de la Nature’ (INECN) in Burundi and the launching of a new partnership with the ‘Université Abomey-Calavi’ (UAC) in Benin through recent formulation missions (Burundi: March 2014, this annual report; Bénin: April 2014, next report). These two partnerships will give more opportunities for the integration of an ‘ecosystem services’ angle and poverty reduction to research activities. In 2013 the institutional partnership with INECN (Burundi) continued well with the preparation of a lexicon about the dominant plants of the Kibera National Park, where over 230 plant species were recorded. In DR Congo, the partnership with the “Institut Congolais de la Conservation de la Nature” (ICCN) included the monitoring of the dynamics of habitats in the Parc National Kahuzi Biega, the natural reserve of Itombwe. Moreover, research on ecosystem services has been supported through PhD and Masters for the areas of Bombo Lumene and Luswishi. Institutional cooperation also continued with the Centre de Surveillance de la Biodiversité (CSB) at the University of Kisangani (D.R. Congo). More specifically, four scientists of the University of Kisangani were supported through stays in Belgium and support locally in order to build up capacities for their thesis research in the areas of Salmonellosis, bushmeat and fisheries, next to strengthening capacities in collection management. Taxonomy (via the Global Taxonomy Initiative (GTI)), information networks (Clearing House mechanism (CHM)), and ‘biodiversity inventories, monitoring and assessments’ (IMAB) remained the three main pillars of our programme. However, all three sub-programmes progressively put more emphasis on the poverty reduction and ecosystem services and institutional integration, as outlined in the new 10 year strategy 2014-2023. Most of the activities under the GTI and CHM were consolidated, by focusing primarily on existing partnerships and projects. Some activities, such as ‘Taxonomic training through research’ and ‘Taxonomic training and access to collections in Belgium’, 7 | P a g e are in a review phase with the intention of orientating them towards our new vision (multi-year, more integrated in institutional support). At the activities level, 2013 will be remembered as a particularly fruitful year for our activities under the Global Taxonomy Initiative (GTI). We supported projects and workshops in Vietnam, DR Congo, Ivory Coast and Burundi. We also invited 15 foreign young or experienced researchers to Belgium, coming from the following partner countries: Brazil, Burundi, Cameroon, Colombia, Cuba, Ethiopia, Philipinnes, Ivory Coast, Kenya and Vietnam. These researchers were thus able to receive a training on top-level taxonomical research. Several scientific and technical papers were produced by our partners both in Belgium and in the South. Finally, we facilitated the publication of the 14 th volume of our series of capacity building manuals, Abc Taxa, dedicated to the Bryophytes of Rwanda. Concerning IMAB, in 2013, a manual entitled “Habitats du Parc National de Kahuzi-Biega (R.D. Congo) - connaître et suivre leur évolution à l’aide d’un lexique des plantes” was published. It lists 147 plants observed and it includes the vernacular names (in the Mashi, Kitembo and Kilega languages) as well as photographs of of these plants. This lexicon is an important didactic tool for the monitoring of habitats in the park. The tool will be used by the rangers, among others, not only to help them identify which habitats they are monitoring, but also to introduce educational initiatives in the field of environmental awareness. The team developing the hydraulic marine ecosystem model “COHERENS” continued providing distance coaching to its partners, as well as in house training, more specifically with experts from Brazil and Columbia, two countries now excluded from the list of eligible partner countries. Therefore, the missions in these countries were both last training opportunities, and exit discussions about exploration for continued cooperation with other funding. The year 2013 was for Coherens a year of re-orientation towards the new institutional cooperation in Peru (formulation planned in summer 2014) and Vietnam (formulation planned in April 2015). Discussions are also planned with partners in Algeria and Tanzania. For the Clearing House Mechanism (CHM), our activities were partly influenced by decisions taken at the international level. In 2010, the 10 th Conference of the Parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity adopted a new Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020. This strategic plan reinforces the role of the CHM as a centralising information mechanism in support of its implementation. A Pilot project initiated in 2011 to develop a tool for reporting for the NBSAP towards the AICHI targets was tested in 2012 by our CHM partners. We also demonstrated the tool in a side-event during COP11, SBSTTA-17 (2013) as well as during an EU CHM network meeting and an EU CGBN meeting. The EU CHM meeting decided that the principals of the tool are very useful and decided to continue the development of it and to include indicators. In 2013, a EU Working group worked on the further development of the Tool. In parallel, we continued in 2013 our webmaster training activities, with two training workshops in Belgium for web masters from D.R. Congo, Benin, Burkina Faso and Côte d’Ivoire and national workshops in Cameroun and Côte d’Ivoire. We added a new element to the national training workshop by promoting two follow up training sessions of 1-2 days after the national training to ensure that the participants become really involved in the CHM.
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Découverte de deux salaisons de poissons à Oxyrhynchus, el-Bahnasa, Égypte
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Sedimentologische beschrijving en interpretatie van Pleistocene afzettingen in ongeroerde boringen van de westelijke kustvlakte.
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Petite Rue de Bouchers /Theater Toone (BR 229): Palynological and anthracological research
- 1) The results of the pollen analysis indicate that the pollen deposited at the site comes from a rather open landscape. Most of the trees occur only sporadically or come from the local wetland vegetation (Salix, Alnus, Sambucus). Interesting are the finds of trees which could represent useful or cultivated plants like plum (Prunus-type) and hasel nut (Corylus). A definitely cultivated tree is the walnut (Juglans regia) found in samples from both 11th and 13th century. The herb vegetation, apart of grasses is strongly dominated by pollen of plants growing in disturbed habitats or occurring in the cultivated fields like weeds (Agrostemma githago, Centaurea cyanus, Polygonum convolvulus, Convolvulus sp., Papaver phoeas-type). Those results are also very promising for further integration and comparison with the macrobotanical data. 2) The wood and wood charcoal analyses have indicates that the charred wood was used most probably for fuel as opposed to that deposited in a subfossil state of preservation. The subfossil wood could originate from local vegetation or from activities related with foddering or the use of oak for specific purposes different than fuel. 3) The results of the analyses now are in their final stage and can now be further integrated with those from the macrobotanical and phytolith analyses in order to achieve a better understanding of the plant use at the site.
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Hoogstraeten-Lalaing (BR 061): Anthracolgical study
- The wood charcoal analyses of the site Hoogstraeten (BR061) have shown continuity of the used wood fuel through the period of occupation of the site (10-12th to 16-17th century), however the current results should be considered with certain care, as the number of the studied charcoal fragments from the lower Dark Earth layer is rather low. The finds from this layer from indicate reworked wood charcoals, which could considering the micromorphological studies on the site most probably were used as component of the manure spread over the plough layer from which the sample originates. The wood charcoal assemblages from the richest on wood remains structure (US 2230) indicate fuel wood dominated by the most common in the study area woods (beech and oak), but also are characterised by quite high diversity suggest use of all available wood resources.
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High tides and low sites: the effects of tidal restoration on the archaeological heritage in the Kalkense Meersen area (Lower Scheldt Basin, Belgium
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Archeologisch evaluatieonderzoek van een prehistorische en Romeinse vindplaats in het Sigma- gebied ‘Wijmeers 2’ (gemeente Wichelen,provincie Oost-Vlaanderen)
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Taphonomy of a Campanian vertebrate-bearing locality in southeastern France. 7th International Meeting on Taphonomy and Fossilization.
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Archaeopteryx and paravian phylogeny: the enigma of Balaur
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Feather-like structures and scales in a Jurassic neornithischian dinosaur from Siberia
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The brain of Deinocheirus mirificus, a gigantic ornithomimosaurian dinosaur from the Cretaceous of Mongolia
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Feather-like structures in ornithischian dinosaurs
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New basal Avialae from the Jurassic of China
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Hadrosaurs from the Far East: historical perspective and new Amurosaurus material from Blagoveschensk (Amur region, Russia)
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Archeologisch evaluatieonderzoek van een prehistorische vindplaats (mesolithicum tot vroege bronstijd) in het Sigma- gebied ‘Zennegat’ (Mechelen, prov. Antwerpen)
