Rhinobranchipus martensigen. et sp. nov.(Anostraca: Branchipodidae) was collected from a shallow temporary pool in the surroundings of Grahamstown (Cape Province, South Africa) (33ring operator18′S, 26ring operator32′E).Rhinobranchipusshares partial fusion of the chitinized basal parts of the male antennae, the so-called clypeus, with other Branchipodidae. The new genus is distinguished from confamilial genera by the morphology of the basal part of the penes. The new species, known from its type locality only, should be considered endangered, if it has not already become extinct as a result of recent modifications of its habitat. © 1995 The Linnean Society of London.