André Bornemann, Claudius M Pirkenseer, Etienne Steurbaut, and Robert P Speijer (2012)
Early Paleogene δ13C and δ18O records based on marine ostracodes: implications for the upper Danian succession at Sidi Nasseur (Tunisia) and their application value in paleoceanography
Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences, 105(1):77-87.
Ostracode and other microfossil assemblages from the Tunisian Trough have previously been studied to characterize paleoenvironmental
conditions during the late Danian interval. Whereas the preservation of foraminifera is generally not sufficient for stable
isotope studies, well preserved ostracodes provide continuous upper Danian stable isotope records (δ13C, 18O) at Sidi Nasseur,
W Tunisia. The late Danian is considered to cover a hyperthermal, known as the “Latest Danian Event” (LDE; ~61.75 Ma) or “Top
C27n Event” and has been unequivocally identified in benthic foraminiferal isotopes from shelf sediments in Egypt and deep-sea
material from the Pacific Ocean. Stratigraphic changes in the isotope ratios of the genus Bairdia reveal a rather scattered record for
δ13C lacking any pronounced negative δ13C excursion, probably due to the many factors influencing δ13C in ostracodes like metabo-
lism, diet or dissolved inorganic carbon of sea-water. The accompanying δ18O record is less ambiguous showing a shift towards
lower values close to the level where the LDE is to be expected, but minimum values are similar to δ18O values at the base and top
of the studied sequence. These data suggest that the core of the negative stable isotope excursions of the LDE is lost in the stratigraphic
gap at the planktic foraminiferal P3a/P3b and calcareous nannofossil NTp7A/NTp7B subzonal boundaries, so that the LDE
could not be unequivocally identified in Tunisia. A cross-plot of δ13C and δ18O of ostracode valves displays distinctive clusters for
smooth-shelled taxa like Bairdia and others as well as for ornamented taxa, with the latter group showing substantially lower values
for both δ13C and δ18O. This pattern strongly resembles those from early Eocene data from southwestern France and Recent ostracodes
from the Iceland Plateau. The offsets suggest substantial differences in life style, food source or isotope fractionation during
the calcification process for different shell morphologies in ostracodes.
Peer Review, International Redaction Board, Impact Factor
IF = 1.468
ISSN: 0251-7493
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