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Inbook Reference text/h323 The Interplay of Environmental Change, Socio-political Stress and Human Resilience at Early to Middle Bronze Age Troy
Despite the meanwhile well-developed evidence of global Holocene climate fluctuations and the correlation of such events with the transition of cultural periods it remains difficult to estimate regional environmental effects of these climate fluctuations and their impact on human populations. The complexity of ancient societies, our lack of knowledge on their perception of possible environmental problems, and its interrelation with human decision-making, challenges archaeological interpretation of a climatic impact on past societies. Stable carbon isotope data in ancient cereal grains from northern Mesopotamian sites indicate climatic fluctuation throughout the Early Bronze Age, with an abrupt increase in aridity towards the end of the Early Bronze Age, which is supported by oxygen isotopes in biogenic Lithospermae carbonate. These changes have been linked to climatic fluctuations, which are widely considered global, such as Bond Event 3 or the 4.200 cal BP event. In our study we aim to consider how far global climatic fluctuations may have affected agriculture in the Early to Middle Bronze Age Troad. We combine stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data from Troy with archaeobotanical data to consider changes in water and nutrient availability for the Early Bronze Age crops. We further consider anthracological data to reconstruct the Early Bronze Age woodland vegetation, to refine observable changes in stable isotope composition and in the crop assemblages. The results show a continuous reduction in oak and pine throughout Troy I to IV in favour for maquis components. There is indication that woodland exhaust may have started during Troy III with a consecutive use of open and alluvial habitats. The seed remains indicate a certain diversification in crop production in Troy IV with an inclusion of coastal habitats into land use, which may have been a consequence of increased aridity, a changing landscape, and erosion processes on the plateaus that must have already started at the end of Troy II. Stable carbon isotopes in barley, which indicate increased water stress in Troy IV grains add an additional support to the necessity of agricultural change starting in Troy III with the shift of fields into alluvial and in Troy IV to coastal habitats. Our data also correlate with the 4.200 BP event, and the general assumption of an increased aridity, but do rather support all-embracing reformation as an expression of human resilience than the common idea of societal collapse.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2016
Article Reference Note on Monophorus amicitiae Romani, 2015 (Gastropoda, Triphoridae), extension of its distribution to the Central Mediterranean Sea
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2021
Article Reference How well are the northern whelks known? The genus Anomalisipho Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) in the North Atlantic Ocean
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2021
Article Reference Addition au catalogue des Dynastinae de Thaïlande avec le signalement de Trichogomphus rongi Dechambre & Drumont (Insecta, Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae)
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2021
Article Reference Co-introduction success of monogeneans infecting the fisheries target Limnothrissa miodon differs between two non-native areas: the potential of parasites as a tag for introduction pathway
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2019
Article Reference Integrative species delimitation and phylogeny of the branchiate worm Branchiodrilus (Clitellata, Naididae)
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2018
Article Reference New euprimate postcrania from the early Eocene of Gujarat, India, and the strepsirrhineehaplorhine divergence
The oldest primates of modern aspect (euprimates) appear abruptly on the Holarctic continents during a brief episode of global warming known as the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, at the beginning of the Eocene (~56 Ma). When they first appear in the fossil record, they are already divided into two distinct clades, Adapoidea (basal members of Strepsirrhini, which includes extant lemurs, lorises, and bushbabies) and Omomyidae (basal Haplorhini, which comprises living tarsiers, monkeys, and apes). Both groups have recently been discovered in the early Eocene Cambay Shale Formation of Vastan lignite mine, Gujarat, India, where they are known mainly from teeth and jaws. The Vastan fossils are dated at ~54.5 Myr based on associated dinoflagellates and isotope stratigraphy. Here, we describe new, exquisitely preserved limb bones of these Indian primates that reveal more primitive postcranial characteristics than have been previously documented for either clade, and differences between them are so minor that in many cases we cannot be certain to which group they belong. Nevertheless, the small distinctions observed in some elements foreshadow postcranial traits that distinguish the groups by the middle Eocene, suggesting that the Vastan primatesdthough slightly younger than the oldest known euprimatesdmay represent the most primitive known remnants of the divergence between the two great primate clades.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2016
Article Reference First mammal species identified from the Upper Cretaceousof the Rusca Montana Basin (Transylvania, Romania)
Multituberculate mammals are scarce in the Late Cretaceous of Europe, being recorded exclusively from the Maastrichtian terrestrial deposits of the Hateg and Transylvanian basins, in Romania. Moreover, they all belong to the endemic and primitive cimolodontan family Kogaionidae. Here, we report multituberculate teeth originating from the Maastrichtian fluviatile sediments of the Rusca Montana Basin (Occidental Carpathians, Poiana Rusca Mountains). This is the westernmost occurrence of these Cretaceous mammals in Romania. These teeth are assigned to Barbatodon oardaensis, the smallest Cretaceous kogaionid species. This study presents the first occurrence of this species outside the Metaliferi sedimentary area (southwestern Transylvania, Romania). The distribution of Romanian Maastrichtian kogaionids is also discussed.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2016
Article Reference Late Devonian (Frasnian) phyllopod and phyllocarid crustaceanshields from Belgium reinterpreted as ammonoid anaptychi
The taxonomic affinities of fossils from theFrasnian succession of Be lgium previously described asphyllopod and phyllocarid crustacean shields are discussed.The rediscovery of the holotype of Ellipsocaris dewalquei,the type species of the genus Ellipsocaris Woodward inDewalque, 1882, allows to end the discussion on the taxo-nomic assignation of the genus Ellipsocaris. It is removedfrom the phyllopod crustaceans as interpreted originally andconsidered here as an ammonoid anaptychus. Furthermore, itis considered to be a junior synonym of the genus SidetesGiebel, 1847. Similarly, Van Straelen’s (1933) lower to middleFrasnian record Spathiocaris chagrinensis Ruedemann, 1916,is also an ammonoid anaptychus. Although ammonoids canbe relatively frequent in some Frasnian horizons of Belgium,anaptychi remain particularly scarce and the attribution to thepresent material to peculiar ammonoid species is not possible.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2017
Article Reference Eocene cetaceans from the Helmstedt region, Germany, with some remarks on Platyosphys, Basilotritus and Pachycetus
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2020