Platycampus larvae are highly cryptic leaf feeders characterised by a dorso-ventrally flattened body, the dorsal integument resembling a shield. Dorsal and ventral cuticles from Platycampus luridiventris were compared by histology and gel electrophoresis. By Azan-staining, a red and a blue layer were distinguished in the dorsal cuticle, while the ventral cuticle showed one, almost uniform blue layer, as in both cuticles of control species. The two cuticles from P. luridiventris had similar amounts and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles of soluble proteins, but not insoluble proteins. One insoluble protein (MW approximately 41 kDa) was visible as a large band in the ventral cuticle only. It is likely that this protein renders the cuticle elastic, and that the dorsal, red layer is the exocuticle, mainly composed of insoluble proteins. We discuss eco-physiological implications of the exocuticle in insects. Further, data from the literature indicate that the defence strategy in P. luridiventris larvae relies on being visually cryptic towards avian predators and tactically cryptic towards arthropod predators and parasitoids. Crypsis in both senses is favoured by the shield effect, itself based on an abnormally thick dorsal exocuticle. Although the larvae are external feeders, they may be considered as hidden from an ecological perspective.
Located in
Library
/
RBINS Staff Publications
A one-dimensional coupled hydrodynamical–biological model, MODèle d'ECOsystème du G.H.E.R. et du L.O.V. (MODECOGeL), of the water column is developed and applied to the Ligurian Sea (North Western Mediterranean). It is an extended and improved version of the model presented by Lacroix and Nival [J. Mar. Syst. 16 (1998) 23]. The hydrodynamic model is a 1D version of the 3D turbulent closure G.H.E.R. model, which takes into account momentum and heat surface fluxes computed from a real meteorological data set. The ecosystem model is defined by a nitrogen cycle described by 12 biological state variables including several plankton size classes and an explicit description of the bacterial loop. One data set coming from the FRONTAL missions is used to initialise and validate the model. To assess the impact of the interannual variability of the meteorological conditions on the ecosystem dynamics, the coupled model is run with 4-year real meteorological conditions (October 1984–September 1988). The model estimated percentages of the interannual variability of the annual mean biomass of phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacteria respectively of 31.0%, 16.2% and 16.3%. The contribution of the zooplankton related to the total plankton biomass (phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacteria) has been found to be the most sensitive to the meteorological conditions variations (21%), followed by the phytoplankton (12%) and finally, by the bacteria (5%). The model estimated percentages of interannual variability of the annual gross primary production, the annual mean f-ratio and the annual bacterial production respectively of 27.9%, 18.5% and 13.4% although the interannual variability of the real winds conditions is only of 11.3%. Due to the more windy and less sunny conditions prevailing during the years “1985–1986” and “1986–1987”, the annual primary production was found higher than during the years “1984–1985” and “1987–1988”. The bacterial production is always greater than the primary production, showing the importance of the bacteria in such an oligotrophic environment. On a seasonal scale, the highest interannual variability of the primary production and the f-ratio is found in spring like for the wind intensity.
Located in
Library
/
No RBINS Staff publications
