Accurate species identification is crucial in the One Health framework because it underpins the ability to effectively monitor, prevent, and mitigate the emergence and spread of human and animal infectious diseases and zoonoses. Moreover, misidentification can lead to inadequate risk assessments, allowing infectious agents or invasive alien species to spread undetected, thereby threatening biodiversity, ecosystem stability, and public health. BopCo is a Belgian research unit that provides such accurate identifications of organisms and biological tissues with relevance for policy and decision-making processes. It is jointly run by the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences and the Royal Museum for Central Africa, and has access to extensive reference collections, expert taxonomists, and a comprehensive research infrastructure. BopCo uses morphology and DNA-based approaches to handle on-demand species identification requests, and it is a partner on various projects within the One Health context. In this framework, BopCo contributes to identifying the introduction pathways and dispersal dynamics of two invasive mosquito species in Belgium, Aedes albopictus and Ae. japonicus, as part of the MEMO+ project in collaboration with Sciensano and the Institute of Tropical Medicine. Using various DNA identification techniques, BopCo verifies the species identity of the exotic mosquitoes collected at multiple points of entry. Similarly, the Medical Component of the Belgian Armed Forces is investigating the Culicidae mosquito biodiversity at foreign deployment sites. BopCo takes part in this project by providing DNA-based identifications to support the Laboratory for Vector-Borne Diseases of the Queen Astrid Military Hospital. Accurate identification of the various mosquito species is important since they are known vectors of pathogens of significant public health concern such as Western Nile virus, Plasmodium parasites, and dengue virus. Furthermore, BopCo is involved in the monitoring of (exotic) animal product imports into Belgium within the INTERCEPT project, in collaboration with the University of Antwerp. Within this project, meat intercepted from passenger’s luggage at Brussels Airport was sampled and identified using DNA barcoding to prevent the import of transmittable animal diseases and the introduction of invasive alien species. Finally, BopCo contributed to the discovery of the first occurrence of Trichobilharzia regenti in Belgium, a blood parasite of birds, which may try to infect humans, triggering painful skin lesions known as “swimmer’s itch”. Following a reported case in Kampenhout, Belgium, researchers at the Royal Museum for Central Africa and KU Leuven captured freshwater snails (the intermediate hosts) and performed a shedding experiment, after which BopCo used a DNA analysis to identify the shed parasites, unveiling the presence of T. regenti. BopCo continually seeks partnerships with research institutes and government agencies to deliver accurate species identifications within a One Health framework and other policy-relevant research contexts.
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RBINS Staff Publications 2025
Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) pose a significant threat to global public health. Among the factors contributing to the increase of EIDs today, habitat degradation stands out as a prominent driver, exerting both direct and indirect influences on disease dynamics. While it is commonly assumed that simply reversing ecosystem degradation will restore disease regulation mechanisms, such a presumption may oversimplify the complex response involved. My PhD project aims to delve deeper into the mechanisms underlying the impact of ecosystem restoration on zoonotic disease risk by examining terrestrial small mammal (TSM) and microparasite diversity within sampling sites following a chronosequence of ecosystem restoration in the Congo Basin. Through comprehensive sampling methods, including the capture of TSMs, and collection of iDNA and acoustic samples, the project will investigate how small mammal and microparasite diversity and prevalence evolve over time post-restoration. An emphasis will be placed on a subset of vector-borne and directly transmitted microparasites associated with African TSMs frequently found in the Congo Basin (i.e. Hepaciviruses, Paramyxoviruses, Orthonairovirus, Leptospira, Bartonella, and Anaplasma). The findings of this study will help unravel the complex interactions between ecosystem restoration, biodiversity, and zoonotic disease risk, offering crucial insights for the improvement and safeguarding of human, animal, and ecosystem health. This research is situated within the framework of the RESTOREID project (Horizon Europe; PI: Herwig Leirs), which aims to investigate the role of landscape restoration in mitigating disease risk using various field sites in Europe and Africa.
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