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Inproceedings Reference Urban waste from the medieval river Senne in Brussels
The river Senne has disappeared from the urban landscape since it was vaulted over in the 19th century, but it played a crucial role in the origin and economic development of the medieval city. In 2019 the remains of the medieval port on the river Senne were brought to light during a large excavation (nearly 6000m2) in the city centre of Brussels. Besides the discovery of a 12th-13th century bank reinforcement and an impressive stone quay wall (mainly 14th-15th century), meters thick excellently preserved waterlogged fluvial deposits from different phases of the river were excavated. These layers, dating between the 10th and 15th century, were extensively sampled for archaeobotanical(macrobotanical remains, pollen and phytoliths), archaeozoological and geoarchaeological studies. In this presentation we will discuss the results of the interdisciplinary study of these numerous samples, with a main focus on the plant remains. The assemblages consist of a mixture of naturally deposited material from the vegetation in the Senne valley and waste dumped in the river. Indeed, as urbanisation intensified, the river became used as an open sewer in which all kinds of refuse were disposed of. Thanks to the interdisciplinary approach and comparison with assemblages from several other sites in Brussels diverse types of waste could be distinguished, including artisanal(e.g. textile working and dyeing), domestic and consumption waste as well as remains of fuel and human and animal excrements. The exceptional diversity of the plant material (>300 taxa) recovered from this fluvial urban context and its perfect preservation offer a unique insight into various aspects of daily life in the city.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2023
Inproceedings Reference A raven (Corvus corax) from medieval Brussels with pathologies: was it truly free as a bird?
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2023
Inproceedings Reference Environmental Archaeology in Brussels (Belgium): The development of a framework
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2023
Inproceedings Reference Un cheval du Bruxelles médiéval, souffrant d'un trouble de la colonne vertébrale
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2023
Inproceedings Reference Investigating the Gill-Oxygen Limitation Theory (GOLT) in the context of gill parasite diversification
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2023
Inproceedings Reference The changing ecosystem of East Africa’s Mare Nostrum: Using ichthyology collections to identify the changes in the Lake Victoria region
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2024
Article Reference infraFADA: Upgrading the taxonomic backbone of global freshwater animal biodiversity research infrastructures
The current Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment (FADA) comprises an extensive set of global taxa lists for freshwater animal groups. At present, more than 125 thousand described freshwater animal species in more than 11 thousand genera have been documented. However, taxonomy is a living scientific discipline, where new taxa are continuously being described, and existing taxa are being placed in new taxonomic positions. Therefore, after a period of relative inactivity, the BELSPO (Belgian Science Policy) project “infraFADA” (2023-2026) re-establishes the global FADA consortium of taxonomic experts, so that all taxa lists will be brought up to date, both technically and in terms of content. infraFADA will develop a living, updated, and global FADA database, fully in open access and according to the FAIR principles. The infraFADA database is intended for use and consultation by the scientific freshwater community, as well as for interested stakeholders, for example, freshwater ecosystem managers, biodiversity conservationists, and others. Most importantly, FADA will also serve as a taxonomic backbone for other global biodiversity data infrastructures, such as the Catalogue of Life (CoL), the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), the Freshwater Information Platform (FIP), and others. As such, FADA will provide a digital and living heritage of freshwater data, building bridges between science and society and helping to sustainably maintain freshwater resources.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2024
Article Reference Exploring co-invasion dynamics: parasitic interactions in the wake of Nile perch invasion in Lake Victoria and its impact on the parasite fauna of haplochromine cichlids
Biological invasions represent a significant threat to global biodiversity, impacting ecosystems and altering ecological dynamics. The introduction of the Nile perch (Lates niloticus) into Lake Victoria (East Africa), has led to ecological transformations, influencing the native fish communities. While much attention has been devoted to studying the ecological impacts of the Nile perch invasion on the native fish fauna and socio-economic consequences, little is known about the co-introduction dynamics of its potentially co-invasive parasites, as well as the impact on the gill macroparasite fauna of the native fishes impacted by the invasion (e.g. haplochromine cichlids). To investigate the co-introduction dynamics, we assessed the genetic and morphological diversity of Dolicirroplectanum lacustre, the only flatworm (Monogenea) parasite that infects lates perches across Africa. We found that D. lacustre was co-introduced with L. niloticus. In Lake Victoria, we found a reduction in the genetic and morphological diversity of D. lacustre compared with its native range, indicating a founder effect. To examine the broader ecological consequences of Nile perch invasion and human-induced eutrophication, we compared gill macroparasite communities of 13 native haplochromine cichlid species before and after these perturbations. We observed a reconfiguration of the host-parasite network that buffers the impacts of perturbations, indicating resilience. However, we observe a decrease in parasite-host range and infection parameters, highlighting the vulnerability of parasite communities to ongoing environmental changes associated with biological invasions. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the intricate dynamics of host-parasite interactions in the context of biological invasions and environmental change. By integrating insights from the invasive species dynamics and ecological perturbations, we provide valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities for conservation efforts to preserve ecosystem health and resilience in the face of global change.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2024
Article Reference Parasitic monogenean flatworms as tags for invasive aquatic vertebrates in africa, using mitochondrial markers and historical collections
Reasons why introduced alien species are major risks to biodiversity include parasite co-introduction and lateral transfer to local hosts, but this parasitological impact is understudied. The origins and identities of introduced organisms are often unknown, including those of their parasite fauna. Recent species monitoring only provides partial answers for want of baseline data: especially in the Global South and in sub-Saharan Africa in particular, where native parasite biodiversity is poorly known. We studied introduced vertebrates (cichlids, sardines, frogs) in Central and Southern African inland waters, and parasitic flatworms (monogeneans) infecting them. Given their obligate one-host lifestyle, these parasites are thought to be more easily co-introduced with their hosts, and to be used as “tags” for the origin and introduction pathway of host populations. Parasites were isolated from hosts sampled from historical collections and in recent fieldwork. Monogenean parasites were morphologically identified to species level, and characterised using nuclear and mitochondrial markers. Using historical fish collections to reconstruct pre-introduction baselines for cichlid parasite communities, we distinguished between native and co-introduced parasite species, and detected parasite transmission to native cichlids. Monogeneans helped identify origins and introduction pathways of invasive sardines. For the notoriously invasive Nile tilapia and African clawed frog, these parasites provided a higher resolution than host genetics. This a proof-of-concept of biodiversity infrastructure and parasites as information sources for invasion biology. Nevertheless, a review of the state-of-the-art of parasitological research on Nile tilapia, an invasive f ish of global economic and ecological importance, shows that work on its parasites mostly overlooks their indicator potential. We recommend more scientific consideration to the parasites of invasive species, using a more integrative approach than is currently often taken.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2024
Article Reference Detection of invasive and alien land planarians as threats to agriculture and ecosystem stability
Alien land planarians are considered potential threats to European agriculture and ecosystem stability. Severe impact of alien land planarian species in Europe but also worldwide was reported including depletion of local and native soil invertebrates and possible detrimental changes at the ecosystem level. Given the increasing number of studies reporting non-native and potentially invasive species of geoplanid planarians, further action in first response related to worldwide plant trade is called for. To date, the only flatworm on the list of “Invasive Alien Species of European Union Concern” is the New Zealand flatworm Arthurdendyus triangulatus. To help authorities detect and prevent introduction of the New Zealand flatworm, we designed an experiment in order to develop a species-specific barcoding protocol to check possible contamination by A. triangulatus of containerised flowerpots, identified as the most probable source of its co-introduction to non-native region. Based on our results, specific behavior of A. triangulatus staying restricted to the surface and upper layer of the flowerpot determines accessibility of DNA in the soil. Therefore, water-based eDNA methodology combined with a newly established qPCR protocol is preferred as it provides a sensitive approach for detection of A. triangulatus in the flowerpots. Further testing is needed to determine sensitivity of the persistence of eDNA following the flatworm’s removal, to estimate the risk of false positives. The newly designed barcoding protocols provide species-specific diagnosis of one invasive and three non-native land planarians currently being assessed for their invasion risks. However, the species-specificity of the developed barcoding protocols might need to be re-evaluated in case of introduction of new planarian species, and in view of apparent misidentifications regarding published genetic resources. Instead, general protocols requiring genetic sequence analyses would offer a more robust approach to assess species diversity of introduced and potentially invasive land planarians.
Located in Library / RBINS Staff Publications 2024