Les analyses carpologiques d’un ensemble de six sites situés, pour la plupart, en région Picardie, nous permettent d’appréhender l’exploitation des ressources végétales et les pratiques alimentaires de la France septentrionale entre le Xe et le XIIe siècle. En dépit de biais taphonomiques importants, dus à un matériel conservé par minéralisation et carbonisation, très érodé, une grande variété d’espèces a pu être identifiée. Les assemblages carpologiques montrent que les Blés nus et le Seigle sont les céréales dominantes. De nombreuses légumineuses sont mentionnées mais le Pois et la Vesce cultivée sont les plus abondants, accompagnés de la Féverole. La grande quantité des restes de fruitiers retrouvés, souligne une fructiculture en plein essor de telle sorte que la question sur la mise en culture des « petits fruits des bois » ou l’exploitation des milieux forestiers pour ces denrées est posée. La Vigne semble très bien implantée dans la région. Des restes récurrents de figue nous questionnent sur le statut importé de méditerranée des fruits ou cultivé localement de l’arbre. Sur les six sites étudiés, quatre sont de milieux aisés. Les indices carpologiques caractéristiques du niveau socio-économique d’un site sont principalement discutés à la lumière des pratiques alimentaires. Enfin, le processus de minéralisation est abordé et son induction par des pratiques d’assainissement au sein des latrines/fosses dépotoirs est suggérée. Archaeobotanical investigations of six medieval sites in Northern France (Picardy) have provided charred and mineralised plant remains (seeds and fruits). Despite some taphonomical constraints of the different preservation of these plant assemblages, archaeobotanical analysis revealed valuable information on the diet, the agriculture and the horticultural production of the medieval population in Northern France between 10th and 12th Century AD. The archaeobotanical results were influenced by the different types of features from which macro-remains were retrieved and by the reliability of the samples. The main crops plants were naked wheat and rye. The pulses, pea and common vetch are the major common crops with field bean. Fruits are very abundant and attest a wide-spread fructiculture. The number of recorded remains from the “wild forest fruits” raises the question of their probable cultivation or of their exploitation in forest. The Vineyard seems very well implanted in the region. Recurring macrorests of fig question about the status imported of Mediterranean fruits or cultivated locally by the tree. The social context of 4 archaeological sites is high. The potential of archaeobotanical data helping to identify social differences by defining archaeobotanical indicators of social level is to be discussed from the food practices and the diet. Finally, the mineralization process is approached and its induction by practices of purification within latrines / pits garbage dumps is suggested.
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Easter Island (or Rapa Nui), internationally renowned for its megalithic statues, is the most isolated inhabited island of the Pacific. Archaeological surveys undertaken fromthe end of the 19th century led to the discovery of the remains of several hundred human individuals. The majority were buried in monuments (funerary stone platform called ahu) or in caves. This paper presents a study of the ancient Easter Islanders' diet through carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of human tooth and bone collagen and, more particularly, evaluates the impact of gender, age, social status and location of burials. The 125 studied individuals are from 16 sites, which date mainly fromthe 17th to the 19th centuries. This anthropological material is housed at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural sciences and the Father Sebastián Englert Anthropological Museum of Easter Island. One hundred and seven individuals showed well-preserved collagen. The stable isotope data provide new information on ancient Easter Islander dietary habits. They demonstrate gender disparity in access to food resources and show that children were breastfed until 3 years of age. Furthermore, the isotopic signatures cluster according to the place of burial (ahu) indicating family dietary specificities. Finally, our study reveals influences of social status on food intake: individuals from Ahu Nau Nau, which is said to be the royal ahu, display the highest nitrogen and carbon isotope values. A greater consumption of marine products may explain this distinction.
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