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Role of predation on sandy beaches: predation pressure and prey selectivity estimated by laboratory experiments
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Lede Stone: A potential “Global Heritage Stone Resource” from Belgium
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Lede Stone is an important dimension stone with major relevance for Belgian and Dutch cultural heritage. It is sourced from the Eocene (Lutetian) Lede Formation, mainly in the region to the southeast of Ghent in Belgium. The oldest known use dates back to Roman times. With the rise of Gothic architecture during the middle ages, the use of Lede Stone increased substantially. Quarries arose at different locations at different times. Today only one active quarry remains, after a period of nonproduction during the 20th century. Current production is mainly used for restoration purposes. A major concern is the use of alien stones as a substitute for Lede Stone in cultural heritage restoration. In the light of the establishment of the “Heritage Stone Task Group”, this paper deals with requirements of its “Terms of Reference” and illustrates the stone’s nature, technical properties, utilization and associated issues. It should contribute to the cultural appreciation and preservation of this stone.
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DNA-barcoding of invasive European earthworms (Clitellata: Lumbricidae) in south-western Australia
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Using DNA-barcoding, we studied the diversity of invasive European earthworms in the south-western corner of Australia. We found six Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units belonging to five morphospecies: Aporrectodea caliginosa, A. trapezoides, Dendrobaena cf. attemsi, Eiseniella tetraedra and Octolasion cyaneum. These were variously collected from indigenous forests and/or alienated land. Two cryptic lineages were found within A. trapezoides, and high intraspecific genetic variation was also found within E. tetraedra variation that had previously been documented in Europe. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of DNA-barcoding for the identification of earthworms, including cryptic species. Correct identification and high taxonomic resolution is crucial for the monitoring of cryptic diversity, detecting new introductions and monitoring spread of established exotic earthworms.
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Barcoding Earthworms from Ecotoxicological Test Laboratories
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Perspective - Recurrent adaptation in a low-dispersal trait
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High-pressure freezing and free-substitution fixation reveal the ultrastructure of immature and mature spermatozoa of the plant-parasitic nematode Trichodorus similis (Nematoda: Triplonchida; Trichodoridae).
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New species of Thinophilus Wahlberg (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from mangroves in southern China (Shenzhen)
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Persistent inter- and intraspecific gene exchange within a parallel radiation of caterpillar hunter beetles (Calosoma sp.) from the Galapagos
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Femoral curvature variability in modern humans using three-dimensional quadric surface fitting
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This study analysed femoral curvature in a population from Belgium in conjunction with other morphological characteristics by the use of three-dimensional (3D) quadric surfaces (QS) modelled from the bone surface. Methods: 3D models were created from computed tomography (CT) data of 75 femoral modern human bones. Anatomical landmarks (ALs) were palpated in specific bony areas of the femur (shaft, condyles, neck and head). QS were then created from the surface vertices which enclose these ALs. The diaphyseal shaft was divided into five QS shapes to analyse curvature in different parts of the shaft. Results: Femoral bending differs in different parts of the diaphyseal shaft. The greatest degree of curvature was found in the distal shaft (mean 4.5°: range – 0.2°-10°) followed by the proximal (mean 4.4°: range – 1.5°-10.2°), proximal intermediate (mean 3.7°: range – 0.9°-7.9°) and distal intermediate (mean: 1.7°: range – 1.6°- 5.6°) shaft sections. The proximal and distal angles were significantly more bowed than the intermediate proximal and the intermediate distal angle. There was no significant difference between the proximal and distal angle. No significant correlations were found between morphological characteristics and femoral curvature. There was also found to be an extremely large variability of femoral curvature with several bones displaying very high or low degrees of femoral curvature. Conclusion: 3D QS fitting enables the creation of accurate models which can discriminate between different patterns in similar curvatures and demonstrates there is a clear difference between curvature in different parts of the shaft.
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Diversity and environmental control of benthic harpacticoids of an offshore post-dredging pit in coastal waters of Puck Bay, Baltic Sea
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