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L’étrange histoire de monsieur Barbatodon, un habitant de l’île de Haţeg à la fin du Crétacé en Transylvanie
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L’étrange animal a été recensé pour la première fois en 1986 sur base d’une dent retrouvée, au bord de la rivière Barbat, non loin du village de Pui, au pied du massif des Retezat, dans le sud des Carpates. Ne pouvant l’identifier précisément, les découvreurs le baptisèrent Barbatodon transylvanicus et le classèrent au sein des mammifères multituberculés, tout en reconnaissant l’étrange et primitive morphologie de sa molaire présumée supérieure et composée de deux simples rangées de respectivement trois et quatre cuspides pyramidales. Ce n’est qu’en 2004 que deux dentaires associés et une molaire supérieure de Barbatodon furent exhumés de la même localité, permettant de montrer que la molaire-holotype n’appartenait pas à la rangée dentaire supérieure mais inférieure. Ceci permit de mettre fin à 20 ans de discussion et de ranger « la bête » au sein de la tout aussi étrange famille des Kogaionidae, l’une des rares à survivre à l’extinction de masse Crétacé-Paléogène en Europe. L’intrigue est à son comble depuis 2010 avec l’avancée fulgurante des connaissances faites sur les diverses créatures qui côtoyèrent Barbatodon sur l’île de Haţeg, où de nombreux cas de nanisme, gigantisme et autres formes aberrantes témoignent de « l’effet insulaire ». Aujourd’hui, après des années de recherches tourmentées, nous levons le voile sur l’étrange monsieur Barbatodon grâce à la découverte d’un crâne partiel et dentaires associés issu également de la localité de Pui. L’excellente préservation du spécimen nous permet enfin de révéler la dentition complète et impressionnante d’un kogaionidé et de démontrer que Monsieur Barbatodon présente une mosaïque de caractères primitifs et dérivés et qu’il se situe dans une position basale au sein des Cimolodonta. Mais même ses incisives aux allures de rongeur et ses énormes prémolaires en forme de disque ne sont que roupie de sansonnet à côté de la couleur rouge de ces dents. L’analyse spectrométrique dispersive en énergie (EDS) indique la présence de quantité importante de pigments de fer dans l’émail de l’animal préhistorique. Cette curiosité de la nature n’est connue que chez les musaraignes soricinés et de nombreuses familles de rongeurs actuels, où elle est sensée augmenter la résistance de l’émail à l’abrasion durant la mastication. Monsieur Barbatodon appartiendrait donc à une lignée primitive qui a persisté jusqu’à l’aube du Cénozoïque et qui aurait eu un régime alimentaire particulièrement coriace sur son île perdue au milieu de l’archipel européen.
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RBINS Staff Publications
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Impact of projected wind and temperature changes on larval recruitment of sole in the Southern North Sea.
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Impact of an irregular sampling by the MERIS satellite on eutrophication monitoring products for WFD and MSFD applications.
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Insight from stable isotopes into the ecology of late Neandertals
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The "Troisième caverne" of Goyet yielded recently new human remains that belong to the latest Neandertals and earliest “MH in Northwestern Europe. Together with the late Neandertals from the nearby site of Spy and the coeval faunal remains from Scladina cave, this ”elgian bone material provides a unique opportunity to investigate the potential ecological and cultural differences among the last Neandertals and first “MH in North-western Europe. This study focuses on collagen isotopic results on human and animal bones. Collagen is the predominant protein in bone and its isotopic composition directly provides insights in ecological aspects such as diet, habitat, and landscape use patterns of both hominins as well as the herbivorous and carnivorous mammal species. Statistical treatment of the obtained isotopic raw data with statistical software R and JMP yielded quantitative estimates of the trophic relationships among the animal and human species.The isotopic analysis of several elements carbon, nitrogen allowed amongst other aspects to establish the ecological niche partitioning and the prey-predator relationships at Scladina, Spy and Goyet caves, all sites being relatively close to each other ±km and of similar age. These isotopic results show that the dietary strategies of Neandertals from Goyet are very similar to those of Spy, with a high dietary contribution of mega-herbivores. We compared these results with the ones obtained from the AMHs corresponding to the Aurignacian technocomplex from "Troisième caverne" of Goyet in Belgium. On the other hand the sulfur isotopic composition of collagen being linked to the characteristics of the bedrock, significant differences were found within and across the sites, which are interpreted as indicating dierent foraging areas for several mammal species including the Neandertals and “MH from Spy and Goyet.
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Avian but also invertebrate predators are drivers of chemical defensive strategies in tenthredinids
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Avian but also invertebrate predators are drivers of chemical defensive strategies in tenthredinids
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Using the 3D Coupled Physical-Biological Model MIRO&CO-3D to Assess Diatom-Phaeocystis Colony Blooms in the Southern Bight of the North Sea and the Response to Short-Term Climatic and Nutrient Changes.
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Assessing connectivity in young flatfish and its implementation in fisheries management.
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Recently, it has been shown that commercial fisheries target specific size/age classes, causing a loss of genetic diversity as well as altering life cycles (fisheries-induced evolution). This represents a serious threat for the future of commercial stocks. Such features have also been observed in the North Sea stocks of sole (Solea solea), which have been overfished in the past 20 years. For example, heavy fishing pressure has led to smaller individuals. Given its commercial importance in the North Sea fishery, a larger effort has to be made to preserve this valuable resource. To improve sole stock management, managers would benefit from an upgraded biological assessment of population structure and connectivity patterns. We will address the following questions: 1. Does larval dispersal vary in time and space? 2. What biotic and abiotic factors are driving larval connectivity? And once known, 3. Can we predict the impact of changes in physical and biological drivers? 4. Can we define sub-populations based on connectivity patterns? My research project aims at filling those gaps, by focusing on population connectivity at the larval and postlarval stages. A suite of 200 highly variable SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) and state-of-the-art genotyping (Illumina-Veracode) will be employed to investigate the population structure of sole at a regional scale (<150km) within the North Sea and eastern English Channel. Additional insights will be gained by otolith microchemistry, used to trace the movement of single individuals between spawning and nursery grounds. Temporal variability will be studied through the combination of two years of intensive sampling and historical datasets spanning the last two decades. Finally, results of hydrodynamic modelling of larval dispersal will be compared to collected data in order to investigate the role of selected biotic and abiotic factors in driving connectivity. Overall, this study will help the sustainable management of the fishery by defining significant ecological units, while the molecular markers will allow tracing any fish present on the market to its origin, hence fighting illegal fishing.
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How is the connectivity of sole larvae affected by wind and temperature changes in the Southern North Sea?
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Connectivity throughout the life cycle of flatfish remains an open question, especially at the early life stages. Also the impact of anthropogenic factors, such as climate change, on larval dispersal remains poorly known. The case of sole (Solea solea) is of particular interest because it is one of the most valuable commercial species in the North Sea. It is important to understand how the retention/dispersal of larvae would be affected by climate change in order to propose appropriate measures for the management of the North Sea stock. The transport of sole larvae from the spawning grounds to the nurseries is driven by hydrodynamic processes but the final dispersal pattern and larval abundance may be affected by behavioural and environmental factors. An increase of temperature could affect for instance the spawning period, the duration of the pelagic stage and the mortality of eggs and larvae. Modifications in the magnitude, variability and/or direction of the wind regime might affect egg and larval retention and dispersal through changes in the hydrodynamics. We compare scenarios of a particle-tracking transport model (IBM) coupled to a 3D hydrodynamic model (COHERENS) to investigate the impact of climate change, through temperature increase and wind regime change. The model has been implemented in the area between 48.5°N-4°W and 57°N-10°E over the period 1995 to 2010. Sensitivity of connectivity between spawning grounds and nurseries to climate change is assessed by estimating the impact of hypothetical (i) temperature increase and (ii) changes in wind magnitude/direction.
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A 3D ArcGIS geological model of the underground of Brussels for hydrogeological uses
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