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Cranial morphology of Khirtharia inflata (Raoellidae, Artiodactyla)
https://biblio.naturalsciences.be/library-1/rbins-staff-publications-2023/inproceedingsreference.2024-03-20.0209308788
Raoellidae are extinct small-sized semiaquatic artiodactyls that are the closest relatives to crown clade Cetacea. They display morphological features showing the transition between terrestrial and aquatic lifestyles and therefore bring crucial information to understand the earliest steps of cetacean evolution. Raoellid cranial morphology, including the ear region and endocranial morphology, has been documented using cranial remains referred to Indohyus indirae from the Kalakot area, Jammu and Kashmir in India. The study of these specimens highlighted that several cetacean features are already present in raoellids. The previously available Indohyus material was very deformed, preventing access to quantitative data and leading to potential misinterpretations. We describe new undeformed cranial material from the Kalakot area, documenting another raoellid species, Khirtharia inflata. The new observations allow us to complete our knowledge of raoellid cranial morphology, including the original shape of the cranium and brain endocast and to confirm the specificities of raoellid morphology within Artiodactyla. We further provide the first quantitative data for the different brain components and show that Raoellidae had low encephalization and neocorticalization values, much lower than cetaceans and close to early diverging, primitive, dichobunoid artiodactyls. Reconstruction of the blood sinuses above the cerebellum supports the previous “intraosseous” hypothesis about the initial steps of the development of the caudal venous rete mirabile in cetaceans. The presence of several cetacean cranial features in Raoellidae, such as the peculiar shape of the frontal, the strong postorbital constriction, the periotic involucrum, or the elongation of the olfactory bulbs, questions the definition of the Cetacea clade.No publisherProceedingsPDF availableInternational Redaction BoardAbstract of an Oral Presentation or a Poster2024/03/20 10:00:46 GMT+1Inproceedings ReferenceNew specimens and CT data of the longirostrine crocodylian Thoracosaurus isorhynchus from the Maastrichtian of Mont-Aimé (Paris Basin, France)
https://biblio.naturalsciences.be/library-1/rbins-staff-publications-2023/inproceedingsreference.2024-03-20.7378791776
Thoracosaurs are a polyphyletic group of Cretaceous–Paleogene longisrostrine crocodylians from Europe and North America. Traditionally perceived as gavialoids, phylogenetically closer to Gavialinae than to Tomistominae, they play a key role in the gharial problem: their old age and seemingly close relationship to Gavialinae is inconsistent with molecular clock estimates indicating a far younger origin of Gavialoidea. Moreover, the phylogenetic position of thoracosaurs is debated, as recent studies suggested thoracosaurs are non-crocodylian eusuchians instead. Here we describe thoracosaur material from Mont-Aimé, France, rediscovered in the collections of the Musée d’Histoire Naturelle de Lille. The Mont-Aimé is famous for its richness in fossil vertebrates, among which the longirostrine species Thoracosaurus isorhynchus (formerly T. macrorhynchus). Confusion about the age of the vertebrate layers has recently been solved, indicating that they are Maastrichtian in age instead of Danian. The new material most likely belongs to T. isorhynchus based on a flexure in the ectopterygoid–pterygoid suture, a distinctive character found in adults of this taxon. Our study reveals new characters not visible on previously known material. An example is the short posterior non-dentigerous process of the maxilla, a character shared with early Paleogene longirostrines and tomistomines but not with gavialines. Furthermore, microCT data of the skull reveal for the first time endocranial characters of this taxon, such as the presence of an internal recess in the parietal. Together with redescribed T. isorhynchus material from the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, this leads to an updated phylogenetic position of this taxon.No publisherProceedingsPDF availableInternational Redaction BoardAbstract of an Oral Presentation or a Poster2024/03/20 09:56:52 GMT+1Inproceedings ReferenceLocomotor behavior of Paleocene mammals: Insights from the semicircular canals of the inner ear
https://biblio.naturalsciences.be/library-1/rbins-staff-publications-2023/inproceedingsreference.2024-03-20.6435686748
The end-Cretaceous mass extinction triggered the collapse of ecosystems and a drastic turnover in mammalian communities leading to the demise of many ecologically specialized species. While Mesozoic mammals were ecomorphologically diverse, recognizable ecological richness was only truly established in the Eocene. Questions remain about the ecology of the first wave of mammals radiating after the extinction. Here, we use the semicircular canals of the inner ear as a proxy for locomotor behavior. Thirty new inner ear virtual endocasts were generated using high-resolution computed tomography scanning. This sample was supplemented by data from the literature to construct a dataset of 79 fossils spanning the Jurassic to the Eocene alongside 262 extant mammals. Vestibular sensitivity was measured using the radius of curvature against body mass and the residuals of this relationship were analyzed. The petrosal lobule size relative to body mass were compared with the inner ear data as they have a role in maintaining gaze stabilization during motion. Paleocene mammals exhibited smaller canal radius of curvature, compared to Mesozoic, Eocene, and extant taxa. In the early Paleocene, canal radius and associated petrosal lobules were relatively smaller on average compared to other temporal groups, suggesting less ability for fast movements. Our results support previous work on tarsal morphology and locomotor behavioral ancestral state reconstructions suggesting that ground dwelling mammalian species were more common than arboreal taxa during the Paleocene. Ultimately, this may indicate that the collapse of forested environments immediately after extinction led to the preferential survivorship of more terrestrially adapted mammals.No publisherRBINS Collection(s)PDF availableProceedingsAbstract of an Oral Presentation or a PosterInternational Redaction Board2024/03/20 09:30:00 GMT+1Inproceedings ReferencePhiline angulata (Jeffreys, 1867) (Gastropoda, Cephalaspidea: Philinidae) collected for the first time in Icelandic waters
https://biblio.naturalsciences.be/library-1/rbins-staff-publications-2024/articlereference.2024-03-12.1208297869
No publisherPeer ReviewPDF availableInternational Redaction Board2024/03/12 10:55:00 GMT+1Article ReferencePisachini planthoppers of Vietnam: new records of Pisacha and a new Goniopsarites species from Central Vietnam (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Nogodinidae)
https://biblio.naturalsciences.be/library-1/rbins-staff-publications-2024/articlereference.2024-03-07.4124983543
No publisherRBINS Collection(s)PDF availableOpen AccessImpact FactorPeer ReviewInternational Redaction Board2024/03/07 10:40:00 GMT+1Article ReferenceÉtude des vestiges anthropologiques, fauniques et archéologiques découverts dans la Grotte des Enfants à Freyr, Belgique (Néolithique récent)
https://biblio.naturalsciences.be/library-1/rbins-staff-publications-2023/articlereference.2024-03-02.2559402020
En 1964, un groupe de spéléologues amateurs de Villers-la-Ville, appelé "Vampire", fouille une cavité dans les Rochers de Freyr situés dans la Province de Namur (Belgique). Les vestiges exhumés sont actuellement conservés au Musée régional d’Histoire naturelle de Mons. Le matériel archéologique est pauvre et composé principalement d’éclats de silex. Il est difficilement datable sans contexte, ni documentation précise. Notre inventaire recense 557 restes humains et 151 restes fauniques. L’étude préliminaire de la faune indique principalement une accumulation de proies par des carnivores et la présence d’animaux fouisseurs. Aucune trace de feu ou de boucherie n’a été notée. L’étude anthropologique montre que, comme dans les nombreuses autres sépultures collectives du Bassin mosan, les squelettes humains sont incomplets et les os fragmentés. Elle révèle qu’au moins six (voire sept) individus ont été placés dans cette grotte. Trois d’entre eux ont été datés au radiocarbone et remontent au Néolithique Récent. Le résultat le plus surprenant est qu’il s’agit uniquement de sujets immatures (ce qui expliquerait le nom donné à la grotte). Le plus jeune serait décédé entre 1 et 3 ans et le plus âgé est un adolescent. C’est à ce dernier qu’appartiendrait le seul crâne conservé. Afin de représenter l’état de conservation de chaque os de cette sépulture collective, nous avons créé des fiches spécifiques aux individus immatures qui pourront être utiles à tous ceux qui étudient des ensembles funéraires rassemblant de nombreux non-adultes. Aucune trace de pathologies graves n’a été relevée mais tous les tibias présentaient des lignes de Harris et 17 % des dents isolées étaient atteintes d’hypoplasie de l’émail dentaire. On dénombre également un cas de spina bifida atlantis. Parmi les particularités anatomiques, signalons une perforation olécranienne de l’humérus, une incisive en forme de pelle et une fosse d’Allen sur un des fémurs.No publisherPDF availableInternational Redaction BoardAbstract of an Oral Presentation or a Poster2024/03/02 19:51:17 GMT+1Article ReferenceLes restes humains non-incinérés d’époque gallo-romaine du Musée Gallo-Romain de Tongres. Une étude anthropologique et paléopathologique
https://biblio.naturalsciences.be/library-1/rbins-staff-publications-2022/articlereference.2024-03-02.1399710607
En Belgique, les restes humains datés de la période gallo-romaine restent peu étudiés par rapport aux époques plus récentes. Cela s’explique notamment par la pratique de l’incinération qui est majoritaire à cette période ainsi que par le peu de nécropoles découvertes dans nos régions, en particulier celles comportant des sépultures à inhumation. À travers cette étude, nous avons étudié les ossements humains de 56 individus principalement issus de la nécropole principale de l’importante ville de Tongres (province de Limbourg, Flandre, Belgique). L’espace funéraire fut utilisé du Ier au IVe siècle bien que l’inhumation concerne majoritairement le IIIe et le IVe siècle. Le but de notre approche était de proposer une caractérisation de la population (sexe, âge, stature) ainsi qu’une large étude paléopathologique (pathologies dentaires, infections, fractures, marqueurs de stress non-spécifiques, modifications dégénératives des articulations ainsi que de nombreux cas pathologiques individuels). Les nombreuses observations réalisées ont été confrontées entre elles mais aussi avec des données contextuelles connues telles que le type de tombe, la répartition spatiale, la datation et les résultats de sites similaires. Ce qui nous a permis de distinguer des tendances intéressantes au sein de la population ainsi que des différences en fonction du groupe social. La présente étude a permis de mieux connaître la population de Tongres, l’une des cités antiques gallo-romaines les plus importantes de Belgique, ainsi que les nombreuses pathologies et stress auxquels elle était soumise. Mais également de comprendre leur répartition au sein de l’espace et de la vie sociale et proposer de nombreuses perspectives.No publisherPDF availableInternational Redaction BoardAbstract of an Oral Presentation or a Poster2024/03/02 19:16:24 GMT+1Article ReferenceSaint Perpète de Dinant, à la lumière des données anthropobiologiques, archéométriques et écrites
https://biblio.naturalsciences.be/library-1/rbins-staff-publications-2023/articlereference.2024-03-02.0412046100
While he is mentioned as bishop of Maastricht between the late 6th century and the beginning of the 7th century by the medieval Liège chronicles, starting with the Gesta episcoporum written by Hériger de Lobbes (ca 980), Perpète, whose relics are preserved today in the collegiate church of Ste-Marie-et-St-Perpète in Dinant (prov. Namur), was excluded from the critical list of the bishops of Tongres-Maastricht- Liège. However, a rereading of the written sources mentioning him and the recent contribution of archaeometry and paleoanthropology invite us to rehabilitate Perpète as bishop, as a historical figure, and no longer only as an object of veneration. His burial in Dinant, a small agglomeration in the Mosan basin, is in keeping with the practice of the bishops of Tongeren-Maastricht who focused their efforts at Christianisation in the most dynamic communities of their diocese during the Merovingian era. This burial, in the St-Vincent church as reported by Gilles d'Orval’s Gesta episcoporum around 1250, and the spread of the cult of this saint from Saragossa in the north of Gaul plead in favour of the existence of this church —at the latest in ca 600. The transfer of the relics of St. Perpète to the church of Ste-Marie in Dinant took place at the latest in 1096, when it had the double dedication of Ste-Marie-et- St-Perpète. It’s probably part of the programme of assertion of power of the bishops of Liège in Dinant between the late 10th century and the late 11th century. Alors qu’il est mentionné comme évêque de Maastricht entre la fin du 6e et le début du 7e s. par les grandes chroniques liégeoises médiévales, à commencer par les Gesta episcoporum d’Hériger de Lobbes en ca 980, Perpète, dont les reliques sont conservées aujourd’hui en la collégiale Ste-Marie-et-St-Perpète de Dinant (prov. Namur), a été exclu de la liste critique des évêques de Tongres-Maastricht-Liège. Or une relecture des sources écrites le mentionnant et l’apport récent de l’archéométrie et de la paléoanthropologie invitent à réhabiliter Perpète comme évêque, comme personnage historique, et non plus seulement comme objet de vénération. Son inhumation à Dinant, agglomération du bassin mosan, s’inscrit dans la pratique des évêques de Tongres-Maastricht qui concentraient leurs efforts de christianisation dans les communautés les plus dynamiques du diocèse à l’époque mérovingienne. Cette inhumation, en l’église St-Vincent comme le rapportent les Gesta episcoporum de Gilles d’Orval vers 1250, et la diffusion du culte de ce saint saragossais dans le nord de la Gaule plaident en faveur de l’existence de cette église au plus tard en ca 600. Le transfert des reliques de S. Perpète vers l’église Ste-Marie de Dinant eut lieu au plus tard en 1096, lorsque celle-ci portait la double dédicace Ste-Marie-et-St-Perpète, et s’inscrit probablement dans le programme d’affirmation du pouvoir des évêques de Liège à Dinant entre la fin du 10e s. et la fin du 11e s. Perpète, dessen Reliquien heute in der Stiftskirche Ste-Marie-et-St-Perpète in Dinant (Provinz Namur) aufbewahrt werden, wird von den mittelalterlichen Lütticher Chroniken, beginnend mit der Gesta episcoporum von Hériger de Lobbes um 980, als Bischof von Maastricht zwischen Ende des 6. Jahrhunderts und Anfang des 7. Jahrhunderts erwähnt. Trotzdem wurde er von der kritischen Liste der Bischöfe von Tongern-Maastricht-Lüttich ausgeschlossen. Ein erneutes Lesen der schriftlichen Quellen, in denen er erwähnt wird, und der jüngste Beitrag der Archäometrie und Paläoanthropologie laden uns jedoch ein, Perpète als Bischof, als historische Figur und nicht mehr nur als Gegenstand der Verehrung, zu rehabilitieren. Seine Beerdigung in Dinant, einer Ansiedlung im Mosan-Becken, entspricht der Praxis der Bischöfe von Tongern-Maastricht, die sich während der Merowingerzeit auf die Christianisierung in den dynamischsten Gemeinden der Diözese konzentrierten. Diese Beerdigung in der Saint-Vincent-Kirche, wie sie von Gilles d’Orvals Gesta episcoporum um 1250 berichtet wurde, und die Verbreitung des Kultes dieses Heiligen aus Saragossa im Norden Galliens sprechen für die Existenz dieser Kirche spätestens um. 600. Die Übergabe der Reliquien des Heiligen Perpète an die Kirche Ste-Marie in Dinant erfolgte spätestens 1096, als sie die doppelte Widmung von Ste-Marie-et-St-Perpète trug. Sie ist wahrscheinlich Teil des Programms der Machtübernahme der Bischöfe von Lüttich in Dinant zwischen dem Ende des 10. Jahrhunderts und dem Ende des 11. Jahrhunderts.No publisherPeer ReviewPDF availableInternational Redaction Board2024/03/02 19:02:44 GMT+1Article ReferenceÉtude ostéologique de deux crémations provenant du site de Postel (Province d'Anvers, âge du Bronze)
https://biblio.naturalsciences.be/library-1/rbins-staff-publications-2023/articlereference.2024-03-02.5210958352
Two cremations dating from the Bronze Age were discovered in the 1950s in a burial mound in Postel in the province of Antwerp. The colour of the skeletal remains indicates a homogeneous cremation with a temperature of at least 800°C. The most ancient individual (dated to phase I of the construction of the burial mound) is the most complete: about ¾ of its remains, which belong to all anatomical categories, were transferred from the pyre to the grave. The osteological study reveals that it was probably an adult male who was at least 25 years of age. The second subject is more recent (dated to Phase III) and is thought to have been an individual of undetermined sex, under 20 years old. The smaller quantity of remains and the absence of some anatomical categories, including fragile and small bones, that this was a deliberate sorting made by the cremation officiant. This type of selection has already been seen in other Belgian sites dating from the Bronze Age and later.No publisherRBINS Publication(s)Peer ReviewInternational Redaction BoardRBINS Collection(s)2024/03/02 18:53:15 GMT+1Article ReferenceA Tale of Five Fishes: First direct evidence of trade in Galilean salted fish on the Carmel coast in the early Islamic period
https://biblio.naturalsciences.be/library-1/rbins-staff-publications-2022/articlereference.2024-02-29.6505204751
No publisherPeer ReviewInternational Redaction BoardImpact Factor2024/02/29 12:09:31 GMT+1Article ReferenceWhere are we now with European forest multi-taxon biodiversity and where can we head to?
https://biblio.naturalsciences.be/library-1/rbins-staff-publications-2023/articlereference.2024-02-27.3409788982
The European biodiversity and forest strategies rely on forest sustainable management (SFM) to conserve forest biodiversity. However, current sustainability assessments hardly account for direct biodiversity indicators. We focused on forest multi-taxon biodiversity to: i) gather and map the existing information; ii) identify knowledge and research gaps; iii) discuss its research potential. We established a research network to fit data on species, standing trees, lying deadwood and sampling unit description from 34 local datasets across 3591 sampling units. A total of 8724 species were represented, with the share of common and rare species varying across taxonomic classes: some included many species with several rare ones (e.g., Insecta); others (e.g., Bryopsida) were repre sented by few common species. Tree-related structural attributes were sampled in a subset of sampling units (2889; 2356; 2309 and 1388 respectively for diameter, height, deadwood and microhabitats). Overall, multi taxon studies are biased towards mature forests and may underrepresent the species related to other developmental phases. European forest compositional categories were all represented, but beech forests were over represented as compared to thermophilous and boreal forests. Most sampling units (94%) were referred to a habitat type of conservation concern. Existing information may support European conservation and SFM strategies in: (i) methodological harmonization and coordinated monitoring; (ii) definition and testing of SFM indicators and thresholds; (iii) data-driven assessment of the effects of environmental and management drivers on multi-taxon forest biological and functional diversity, (iv) multi-scale forest monitoring integrating in-situ and remotely sensed information.No publisherRBINS Collection(s)PDF availableOpen AccessImpact FactorInternational Redaction Board2024/02/28 08:40:00 GMT+1Article ReferencePublishing data to support the fight against human vector-borne diseases
https://biblio.naturalsciences.be/library-1/rbins-staff-publications-2022/articlereference.2024-02-27.3554973565
Vector-borne diseases are responsible for more than 17% of human cases of infectious diseases. In most situations, effective control of debilitating and deadly vector-bone diseases (VBDs), such as malaria, dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, Zika and Chagas requires up to-date, robust and comprehensive information on the presence, diversity, ecology, bionomics and geographic spread of the organisms that carry and transmit the infectious agents. Huge gaps exist in the information related to these vectors, creating an essential need for campaigns to mobilise and share data. The publication of data papers is an effective tool for overcoming this challenge. These peer-reviewed articles provide scholarly credit for researchers whose vital work of assembling and publishing well-described, properly formatted datasets often fails to receive appropriate recognition. To address this, GigaScience’s sister journal GigaByte partnered with the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) to publish a series of data papers, with support from the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), hosted by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Here we outline the initial results of this targeted approach to sharing data and describe its importance for controlling VBDs and improving public health.No publisherPDF availableInternational Redaction BoardImpact FactorOpen Access2024/02/27 15:27:58 GMT+1Article ReferenceTemperature dissimilarity drives flower–visitor interaction turnover across elevation in the Mexican Transition Zone
https://biblio.naturalsciences.be/library-1/rbins-staff-publications-2023/414
No publisherPeer ReviewInternational Redaction BoardImpact Factor2024/02/24 17:57:23 GMT+1Article ReferenceEarth sciences at the centre of the energy transition
https://biblio.naturalsciences.be/library-1/rbins-staff-publications-2023/articlereference.2024-02-23.1152150906
No publisherPeer ReviewOpen AccessInternational Redaction Board2024/02/23 11:53:06 GMT+1Article ReferenceThreshold indicators of primary production in the north-east Atlantic for assessing environmental disturbances using 21 years of satellite ocean colour
https://biblio.naturalsciences.be/library-1/rbins-staff-publications-2022/tilstone_threshold_2023
Primary production (PP) is highly sensitive to changes in the ecosystem and can be used as an early warning indicator for disturbance in the marine environment. Historic indicators of good environmental status of the north-east (NE) Atlantic and north-west (NW) European Seas suggested that daily PP should not exceed 2–3 g C m−2 d−1 during phytoplankton blooms and that annual rates should be 300 g C m−2 yr−1. We use 21 years of Copernicus Marine Service (CMEMS) Ocean Colour data from September 1997 to December 2018 to assess areas in the NE Atlantic with similar peak, climatology, phenology and annual PP values. Daily and annual thresholds of the 90th percentile (P90) of PP are defined for these areas and PP values above these thresholds indicate disturbances, both natural and anthropogenic, in the marine environment. Two case studies are used to test the validity and accuracy of these thresholds. The first is the eruption of the volcano Eyjafjallajökull, which deposited large volumes of volcanic dust (and therefore iron) into the NE Atlantic during April and May 2010. A clear signature in both PP and chlorophyll-a (Chl a) was evident from 28th April to 6th May and from 18th to 27th May 2010, when PP exceeded the PP P90 threshold for the region, which was comparatively more sensitive than Chl a P90 as an indicator of this disturbance. The second case study was for the riverine input of total nitrogen and phosphorus, along the Wadden Sea coast in the North Sea. During years when total nitrogen and phosphorus were above the climatology maximum, there was a lag signature in both PP and Chl a when PP exceeded the PP P90 threshold defined for the study area which was slightly more sensitive than Chl a P90. This technique represents an accurate means of determining disturbances in the environment both in the coastal and offshore waters in the NE Atlantic using remotely sensed ocean colour data.No publisherPeer ReviewInternational Redaction BoardImpact Factor2024/02/22 14:02:34 GMT+1Article Reference